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Antithetic variates are a variance reduction technique used in Monte Carlo simulations to improve the accuracy of estimates by using pairs of dependent random variables that are negatively correlated. This approach leverages the natural cancellation of errors between the paired variables, leading to more stable estimates and a reduced variance in the simulation results. The key idea is to generate pairs of random samples such that when one sample produces a high estimate, the other produces a low estimate, thus balancing out extremes and enhancing overall efficiency.
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