Consent of the governed

Definition

Consent of the governed is the political theory that a government's legitimacy and moral right to use state power is justified and legal only when consented to by the people over whom that power is exercised. This principle emphasizes that authority comes from the will of the people, which is a central idea in democratic governance and significantly reflected in key documents like the Declaration of Independence.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The phrase 'consent of the governed' appears prominently in the Declaration of Independence, highlighting its foundational importance to American democracy.
2. This principle suggests that if a government fails to protect the rights of its citizens or acts against their interests, the people have the right to alter or abolish it.
3. The concept is rooted in Enlightenment ideas, particularly those of philosophers like John Locke, who argued that governments exist to serve the people.
4. Consent of the governed establishes a clear distinction between legitimate authority based on popular agreement and tyrannical rule imposed without consent.
5. Throughout American history, this principle has been invoked during major movements for civil rights and social change, asserting that government must be accountable to its citizens.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of consent of the governed relate to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Independence?
  • In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson emphasizes that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, indicating that legitimacy comes from the people's approval. This connection shows that when a government disregards this consent or violates people's rights, it loses its moral authority, justifying revolution. Jefferson's assertion encapsulates Enlightenment thought and reflects a commitment to democratic ideals.
• Discuss how the idea of consent of the governed influenced revolutionary movements in America and other countries.
  • The idea of consent of the governed served as a rallying cry during the American Revolution, motivating colonists to seek independence from British rule. This concept resonated with other revolutionary movements globally, such as in France and Latin America, as citizens demanded governments accountable to their needs and rights. It laid the groundwork for modern democratic governance by asserting that people have the power to shape their government through their collective will.
• Evaluate how consent of the governed has evolved in contemporary politics and its implications for modern democracy.
  • In contemporary politics, consent of the governed continues to be a cornerstone of democratic theory but faces challenges from various factors such as misinformation, disenfranchisement, and authoritarianism. The evolution reflects an increasing emphasis on participatory democracy where citizens demand more than just periodic voting; they seek active engagement in decision-making processes. The implications are profound as societies grapple with maintaining legitimacy and accountability while ensuring that all voices are heard in governance.

Related terms

Social Contract: A theory that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to form a government and abide by its rules in exchange for protection of their rights.

Popular Sovereignty: The doctrine that the people are the ultimate source of political power and authority, often linked with democratic principles.

Natural Rights:

Rights that individuals are born with, such as life, liberty, and property, which the government must protect.