Lactose

Definition

Lactose is a disaccharide sugar composed of glucose and galactose, primarily found in milk and dairy products. It plays a crucial role in human nutrition, especially during infancy when it serves as a significant source of energy. The digestion of lactose requires the enzyme lactase, and its malabsorption can lead to gastrointestinal disorders, impacting nutrition and health.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Lactose is the primary carbohydrate in human milk, making it essential for infant growth and development.
2. Around 65% of the adult population has some degree of lactose intolerance, with higher prevalence in certain ethnic groups.
3. The inability to digest lactose can result in gastrointestinal symptoms such as gas, cramps, and diarrhea after consuming dairy products.
4. In some cases, lactose-free alternatives are available, providing similar nutritional benefits without causing digestive discomfort.
5. Lactose also plays a role in enhancing calcium absorption, which is important for bone health, especially in growing children.

Review Questions

• How does lactose contribute to the nutritional needs of infants during breastfeeding?
  • Lactose is a crucial component of human milk, providing essential energy for infants. It not only fuels their growth but also aids in the absorption of vital nutrients like calcium and magnesium. The presence of lactose helps promote a healthy gut microbiome by acting as a prebiotic, supporting overall digestive health during early development.
• Discuss the implications of lactose intolerance on dietary choices and health for individuals affected by this condition.
  • Individuals with lactose intolerance often experience discomfort when consuming dairy products due to their inability to properly digest lactose. This condition forces them to make dietary adjustments, such as opting for lactose-free alternatives or eliminating dairy altogether. These changes can impact their overall nutrition if not carefully managed, as they may miss out on important nutrients found in dairy like calcium and vitamin D, which are critical for bone health.
• Evaluate how understanding lactose digestion can influence dietary recommendations for populations with varying levels of lactase activity.
  • Understanding how lactose digestion varies among populations helps tailor dietary recommendations effectively. In regions where lactose intolerance is common, promoting lactose-free dairy options or alternative calcium sources becomes essential for maintaining bone health. Health professionals can advocate for education on reading labels for hidden sources of lactose and encourage fermented dairy products like yogurt that may be easier to digest. This nuanced approach ensures that individuals receive adequate nutrition while minimizing discomfort from lactose consumption.

Related terms

Lactase: An enzyme produced in the small intestine that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose for absorption.

Lactose Intolerance: A common condition where the body cannot adequately digest lactose due to insufficient lactase, leading to symptoms like bloating and diarrhea.

Galactosemia: A rare genetic disorder that affects the metabolism of galactose, which can be derived from lactose, leading to potential health issues if not managed properly.