Explicit memory

Definition

Explicit memory refers to the type of long-term memory that involves the conscious recollection of facts and events. It is divided into two subcategories: semantic memory, which is the storage of general knowledge and concepts, and episodic memory, which pertains to personal experiences and specific events in time. This type of memory plays a crucial role in the information processing models as it highlights how we actively encode, store, and retrieve information.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Explicit memory requires conscious effort to recall information, as opposed to implicit memory, which is automatic.
2. This type of memory can be tested through various methods, such as recognition tasks or recall tasks, allowing for a better understanding of how information is accessed.
3. Neuroscientific studies suggest that explicit memory is primarily associated with the hippocampus and other parts of the brain involved in declarative memory.
4. Learning strategies that enhance explicit memory include elaboration, visualization, and rehearsal techniques.
5. Explicit memories can be influenced by factors like emotional state during learning, context during recall, and the level of processing involved.

Review Questions

• How does explicit memory differ from implicit memory in terms of retrieval processes?
  • Explicit memory involves conscious recall processes where individuals actively retrieve information they have learned. This contrasts with implicit memory, which operates automatically without conscious awareness. For instance, while you may consciously think about a historical fact (explicit), riding a bike (implicit) relies on skills learned without needing to think about it. Understanding this difference highlights how different types of memories are accessed and utilized in everyday life.
• In what ways do semantic and episodic memories contribute to our overall understanding of explicit memory?
  • Semantic and episodic memories are two key components of explicit memory that illustrate its complexity. Semantic memory allows individuals to access factual knowledge about the world, enhancing our ability to communicate and engage in reasoning. On the other hand, episodic memory gives personal context to our lives through recollections of specific events. Together, they provide a comprehensive framework for how we understand and interact with both general knowledge and personal experiences.
• Evaluate how emotional states can influence the formation and recall of explicit memories.
  • Emotional states can significantly impact both the formation and recall of explicit memories by enhancing or impairing our ability to remember information. When an event is associated with strong emotions, such as joy or fear, it often results in better retention due to increased attention and focus during encoding. Conversely, negative emotional states may lead to difficulties in recalling specific details later. This connection between emotion and explicit memory emphasizes the interplay between cognitive processes and emotional experiences in shaping how we remember.

Related terms

semantic memory:

A subcategory of explicit memory that involves the storage of general knowledge and facts about the world, independent of personal experience.

episodic memory: Another subcategory of explicit memory that deals with the recollection of specific events and experiences from an individual's life.

implicit memory:

A type of long-term memory that does not require conscious thought and includes skills and conditioned responses.