Behavioral theory

Definition

Behavioral theory is a leadership approach that focuses on the behaviors and actions of leaders rather than their traits or characteristics. This theory suggests that effective leadership can be learned and developed through specific behaviors, emphasizing the importance of observable actions in influencing followers and achieving goals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Behavioral theory emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to trait-based theories, shifting the focus from 'who' leaders are to 'what' they do.
2. Key studies that contributed to behavioral theory include the Ohio State Studies and the University of Michigan Studies, which identified specific leader behaviors linked to effective outcomes.
3. The two primary dimensions identified by these studies are task-oriented behaviors, which focus on goal accomplishment, and relationship-oriented behaviors, which foster team cohesion.
4. Behavioral theory laid the groundwork for the development of more contemporary leadership models, such as transformational and situational leadership.
5. Understanding behavioral theory helps organizations train and develop leaders by focusing on observable behaviors that can be improved through practice.

Review Questions

• How does behavioral theory differentiate between leadership traits and leader behaviors?
  • Behavioral theory distinguishes itself from earlier trait theories by asserting that effective leadership is not solely based on inherent traits or characteristics but rather on observable actions. This perspective posits that anyone can learn to be an effective leader by adopting specific behaviors that positively influence followers. By focusing on what leaders do, rather than who they are, organizations can implement training programs aimed at developing essential leadership skills.
• In what ways did the findings from the Ohio State Studies contribute to our understanding of effective leader behavior?
  • The Ohio State Studies identified two key dimensions of leader behavior: initiating structure (task-oriented) and consideration (relationship-oriented). Initiating structure refers to the extent to which a leader organizes work, sets clear goals, and defines roles for followers. Consideration emphasizes showing concern for team members’ well-being and fostering positive relationships. These findings highlighted that effective leaders need a balance of both behaviors to optimize team performance.
• Evaluate how behavioral theory has influenced modern leadership development programs within organizations.
  • Behavioral theory has significantly shaped modern leadership development programs by emphasizing the importance of teaching specific behaviors rather than relying solely on innate qualities. Organizations now prioritize training that focuses on developing task-oriented and relationship-oriented skills through practical exercises, feedback, and coaching. This shift allows organizations to cultivate a diverse range of effective leaders who can adapt their behavior to meet varying situational demands, thus enhancing overall organizational performance.

Related terms

Leadership Styles: The different approaches leaders use to motivate and guide their teams, including authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire styles.

Task-oriented Leadership: A leadership style that prioritizes the completion of tasks and achievement of goals over interpersonal relationships within the team.

Relationship-oriented Leadership: A leadership style that emphasizes building strong relationships with team members to foster collaboration, trust, and support.