Barrier penetration refers to the quantum phenomenon where a particle can pass through a potential energy barrier, even if its energy is lower than the height of the barrier. This effect is a direct result of the wave-like nature of particles in quantum mechanics, allowing for a probability of transmission rather than strictly adhering to classical mechanics where such an event would be impossible. Barrier penetration is crucial in understanding various processes like tunneling in quantum systems and has significant implications in fields such as nuclear physics and semiconductor technology.
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