Medical model of disability

Definition

The medical model of disability views disability primarily as a defect or impairment within an individual that needs to be treated or cured. This perspective focuses on diagnosing medical conditions and often emphasizes the limitations that come with the disability, rather than considering the societal barriers that may contribute to the experience of disability. It suggests that solutions lie in medical intervention and rehabilitation, which can sometimes overlook the importance of social inclusion and accessibility.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The medical model often leads to viewing individuals with disabilities as passive recipients of care, rather than active participants in their own lives.
2. This model has historically influenced policies and practices in healthcare, education, and employment, often prioritizing clinical approaches over societal changes.
3. Critics argue that the medical model can perpetuate stigma and reinforce negative perceptions about people with disabilities by focusing solely on their limitations.
4. Alternative frameworks, like the social model, advocate for addressing systemic barriers and promoting inclusivity rather than just treating individuals medically.
5. Despite its limitations, the medical model has contributed to significant advancements in medical treatments and interventions that can enhance the quality of life for many individuals with disabilities.

Review Questions

• How does the medical model of disability differ from the social model in terms of addressing the needs of individuals with disabilities?
  • The medical model focuses on diagnosing and treating individual impairments, viewing disability as a personal issue that needs fixing. In contrast, the social model emphasizes how societal barriers contribute to disability, advocating for changes in environment and attitudes. This fundamental difference shifts responsibility from the individual to society, highlighting the need for inclusive practices rather than solely medical solutions.
• Evaluate the implications of adopting a medical model approach on policy-making related to disability rights.
  • Adopting a medical model approach can lead to policies that prioritize healthcare interventions over structural changes needed for true inclusion. This may result in underfunding for accessibility measures or support services that empower individuals. Such policies may inadvertently perpetuate inequalities by focusing on treatment rather than fostering environments where individuals with disabilities can thrive.
• Critically analyze how the medical model's focus on impairment might affect public perception of individuals with disabilities and their roles in society.
  • The medical model's emphasis on impairment can shape public perception by reinforcing stereotypes that portray individuals with disabilities as dependent or less capable. This view can diminish opportunities for participation in various aspects of society, such as employment and community engagement. Consequently, it can create a narrative where individuals are seen through a lens of limitation rather than potential, impacting both self-identity and societal acceptance.

Related terms

social model of disability:

The social model of disability posits that disability is primarily a result of social and environmental barriers rather than just individual impairments, advocating for changes in society to improve accessibility.

impairment: Impairment refers to the loss or abnormality of physiological or psychological function, which can contribute to an individual's experience of disability.

rehabilitation: Rehabilitation encompasses a range of therapies and interventions aimed at helping individuals with disabilities regain or improve their functional abilities and quality of life.