Exponential functions are mathematical expressions of the form $$f(x) = a e^{bx}$$, where 'a' is a constant, 'e' is the base of natural logarithms, and 'b' is a constant that affects the growth rate. These functions exhibit rapid growth or decay, depending on the value of 'b'. In complex analysis, exponential functions are crucial as they can describe entire functions and their behavior across the complex plane.
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