Objectivism

Definition

Objectivism is a philosophical stance asserting that certain things, particularly moral truths, exist independently of individual beliefs or perceptions. This viewpoint emphasizes that knowledge and values are objective, meaning they can be discovered and validated through reason and evidence, rather than being subject to personal interpretations or cultural norms. In discussions of morality and piety, objectivism posits that ethical principles are universal and not merely the result of subjective opinion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Objectivism argues that moral truths can be known through rational thought and are not simply opinions shaped by society or culture.
2. In the context of Euthyphro, objectivism raises questions about whether piety is an objective standard or merely a social construct influenced by individual beliefs.
3. Plato's dialogues often reflect the tension between objectivist views on morality and relativist positions held by other philosophers.
4. Objectivism challenges the notion that morality can change over time or is subject to individual whims, emphasizing the need for consistent ethical standards.
5. In discussions about piety, objectivism suggests that there are definitive answers to questions about what is morally right or wrong, which can lead to more universal definitions of piety.

Review Questions

• How does objectivism challenge the idea of moral relativism in the context of defining piety?
  • Objectivism directly challenges moral relativism by asserting that moral truths exist independently of individual beliefs. In defining piety, objectivists argue that there are universal standards that determine what is considered pious behavior, rather than allowing definitions to vary based on personal or cultural interpretations. This viewpoint raises critical questions about the nature of morality and whether it can be truly subjective if a common understanding exists.
• What role does reason play in objectivism when discussing moral definitions in Euthyphro's context?
  • Reason plays a crucial role in objectivism as it is seen as the primary means by which individuals can discover objective moral truths. In the context of Euthyphro, reason allows for an analysis of what constitutes piety beyond mere opinion or societal norms. By employing rational thought, one can arrive at a consistent definition of piety that reflects universal moral principles rather than fluctuating interpretations.
• Evaluate how objectivism influences our understanding of moral dilemmas presented in Euthyphro's dialogue, especially regarding divine command theory.
  • Objectivism significantly influences the understanding of moral dilemmas in Euthyphro's dialogue by questioning the validity of divine command theory, which posits that morality is defined by God's will. Objectivists argue that if moral truths are indeed objective and independent, then even divine commands must align with these principles. This perspective leads to deeper discussions about whether actions are deemed right because God commands them or if God commands them because they are inherently right, highlighting the complexities in defining piety and morality overall.

Related terms

Moral Relativism: The belief that moral truths are not absolute but vary based on cultural, social, or personal contexts.

Ethics: The study of what is right and wrong, which examines moral principles and their application to human behavior.

Universalism: The ethical perspective that some principles apply universally to all individuals, regardless of context or circumstance.