Theravada

Definition

Theravada is one of the oldest surviving schools of Buddhism, primarily practiced in countries like Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar. This tradition emphasizes the original teachings of the Buddha as recorded in the Pali Canon and focuses on individual enlightenment through meditation and ethical living. It is distinct in its adherence to a monastic lifestyle and its understanding of the Four Noble Truths, viewing them as central to the path towards Nirvana.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Theravada literally means 'Teaching of the Elders' and reflects its roots in the early community of monks who followed the Buddha's teachings closely.
2. This school emphasizes personal meditation practice as a means to achieve enlightenment rather than relying on rituals or communal worship.
3. Theravada Buddhism recognizes the concept of 'Bodhisattva' differently compared to Mahayana Buddhism, focusing more on individual progress rather than helping others achieve enlightenment.
4. The monastic community (Sangha) plays a crucial role in Theravada, where monks are seen as the ideal practitioners who preserve and transmit the teachings.
5. Lay followers are encouraged to support monastic life through almsgiving, which is seen as a way to generate merit and improve future rebirths.

Review Questions

• How does Theravada Buddhism differ from other Buddhist schools in terms of its approach to individual enlightenment?
  • Theravada Buddhism places a strong emphasis on individual effort in meditation and ethical conduct as the primary means to achieve enlightenment. Unlike Mahayana Buddhism, which often emphasizes collective salvation and the role of Bodhisattvas in helping others, Theravada focuses on personal liberation through one's own actions. This leads to a greater appreciation for monastic life and individual practice within this tradition.
• In what ways does the Pali Canon shape the teachings and practices within Theravada Buddhism?
  • The Pali Canon serves as the foundational scripture for Theravada Buddhism, containing texts that outline the Buddha's original teachings. It emphasizes core concepts such as the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, guiding practitioners toward understanding suffering and achieving Nirvana. The texts also reinforce the importance of monastic discipline and ethical conduct, shaping both lay and monastic practices within this school.
• Evaluate how Theravada's interpretation of Nirvana influences its followers' lifestyle choices compared to other Buddhist schools.
  • Theravada's interpretation of Nirvana emphasizes personal attainment through meditation and ethical living, leading many followers to adopt disciplined lifestyles focused on spiritual growth. This differs from Mahayana views that prioritize aiding others on their path to enlightenment. In Theravada, individuals often make lifestyle choices that support their journey toward liberation—such as engaging deeply with monastic communities or committing to regular meditation—showcasing a more solitary path that highlights personal responsibility in spiritual development.

Related terms

Pali Canon: The collection of scriptures in the Theravada tradition that contains the teachings of the Buddha, written in the Pali language.

Nirvana: The ultimate goal in Buddhism, representing liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, achieved through enlightenment.

Buddha: The title given to Siddhartha Gautama, who attained enlightenment and became a teacher of the path leading others towards liberation.