CpG islands are regions of the genome that have a high frequency of the cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sequence. These areas are typically found near gene promoters and are important for gene regulation and expression, as they often remain unmethylated, allowing transcription factors to bind and activate genes. The presence of CpG islands is crucial for understanding epigenetic modifications that influence how genes are expressed without changing the underlying DNA sequence.
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