Parliamentary Systems

Definition

Parliamentary systems are forms of government where the executive branch derives its legitimacy from and is directly accountable to the legislature (parliament). This system typically features a fusion of powers, where the head of government, usually called the prime minister, is a member of the parliament and is elected by fellow parliamentarians. This structure emphasizes collaboration between the legislative and executive branches, facilitating swift decision-making and governance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In a parliamentary system, the prime minister is not directly elected by the public but is usually the leader of the party that holds the most seats in parliament.
2. Parliamentary systems often lead to coalition governments, where multiple parties must work together to achieve a majority, impacting policy-making.
3. The ability for parliament to dissolve and call for new elections can lead to more frequent changes in government compared to presidential systems.
4. Countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, and India operate under parliamentary systems, showcasing different adaptations based on historical and cultural contexts.
5. The fusion of powers in parliamentary systems can result in more stable governance during times of crisis since the executive is supported by a legislative majority.

Review Questions

• How does the relationship between the legislative and executive branches in a parliamentary system affect decision-making?
  • In a parliamentary system, the relationship between the legislative and executive branches is characterized by a close collaboration due to their intertwined nature. The prime minister, as a member of parliament, relies on legislative support to implement policies. This fusion allows for quicker decision-making as legislation can be passed with relative ease when there is a majority coalition backing the government. However, it also means that instability can arise if this support falters.
• What are some advantages and disadvantages of coalition governments often seen in parliamentary systems?
  • Coalition governments in parliamentary systems can lead to more inclusive representation since multiple parties must collaborate. This can foster compromise and diverse viewpoints in policy-making. However, they may also result in instability as differing agendas can create gridlock or lead to frequent changes in leadership if confidence is lost among coalition partners. Additionally, coalitions may prioritize short-term agreements over long-term solutions, which can hinder effective governance.
• Evaluate how the concept of accountability is reflected in parliamentary systems through mechanisms like votes of no confidence.
  • Accountability in parliamentary systems is fundamentally reflected through mechanisms such as votes of no confidence, which allow parliament to hold the executive branch accountable for its actions. If a majority of parliamentarians feel dissatisfied with the prime minister or cabinet’s performance, they can initiate a vote that can lead to their removal. This ensures that the government remains responsive to legislative concerns and public needs. The potential for a government to be dissolved illustrates an inherent check on power, promoting greater transparency and responsiveness in governance.

Related terms

Prime Minister: The head of government in a parliamentary system, responsible for running the government and executing laws, often chosen from the majority party in parliament.

Cabinet: A group of high-ranking officials, typically composed of heads of government departments, chosen by the prime minister to assist in making decisions and implementing policies.

Vote of No Confidence: A parliamentary motion that can remove the prime minister or government from power, highlighting the accountability of the executive to the legislature.