Input in Python is data provided by the user to the program, typically through the keyboard. It can be captured using the input() function and stored in variables for further processing.
output: Output refers to data that a program sends to the user, commonly displayed on the screen using print().
variable: A variable is a named storage location in memory used to hold data values which can be modified during program execution.
type conversion: Type conversion is changing a value from one data type to another, such as from a string to an integer using int().