Potential energy of a spring

Definition

Potential energy of a spring is the energy stored in a compressed or stretched spring. It is given by the formula $U = \frac{1}{2} k x^2$, where $k$ is the spring constant and $x$ is the displacement from the equilibrium position.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The potential energy of a spring depends on both the spring constant ($k$) and the displacement ($x$).
2. The formula for potential energy of a spring is $U = \frac{1}{2} k x^2$.
3. Potential energy is maximum when the spring is either fully compressed or fully stretched.
4. The unit for potential energy in the International System (SI) is Joules (J).
5. A stiffer spring (higher $k$ value) will store more potential energy for the same displacement.

Review Questions

• What are the main variables that determine the potential energy stored in a spring?
• Write down and explain the formula used to calculate the potential energy of a spring.
• How does altering the spring constant ($k$) affect the potential energy stored in a spring?

Related terms

Spring Constant: A measure of a spring's stiffness, denoted as $k$, which determines how much force is needed to compress or stretch it.

Hooke's Law: A principle stating that the force exerted by a spring is directly proportional to its displacement, expressed as $F = -kx$.

Kinetic Energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated by $KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2$, where $m$ is mass and $v$ is velocity.