S orbitals

Definition

s orbitals are spherical regions around an atom's nucleus where there is a high probability of finding electrons. They can hold a maximum of two electrons and are present in all energy levels.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. s orbitals have a spherical shape.
2. Each s orbital can hold up to two electrons.
3. The probability distribution of an electron in an s orbital is uniform in all directions around the nucleus.
4. s orbitals are denoted by the principal quantum number (n) followed by 's', such as 1s, 2s, etc.
5. In each principal energy level, there is only one s orbital.

Review Questions

• What is the shape of an s orbital?
• How many electrons can an s orbital hold?
• How does the probability distribution of an electron in an s orbital compare in different directions around the nucleus?

Related terms

p Orbitals: p orbitals are dumbbell-shaped regions around an atom's nucleus that can hold a maximum of six electrons across three orientations (px, py, pz).

Principal Quantum Number (n): \( n \) denotes the main energy level or shell of an electron within an atom and determines the size and energy of atomic orbitals.

Electron Configuration: The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom, typically denoted by notation such as \(1s^2\), \(2s^2\), etc.