Hydrogen carbonates

Definition

Hydrogen carbonates, also known as bicarbonates, are the salts containing the bicarbonate anion $\left( \text{HCO}_3^- \right)$. They often form when carbon dioxide is dissolved in water containing metal ions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hydrogen carbonates are intermediate forms in the deprotonation of carbonic acid $\left( \text{H}_2\text{CO}_3 \right)$.
2. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) is a common example of a hydrogen carbonate.
3. Hydrogen carbonates are amphoteric, meaning they can react with both acids and bases.
4. They play a crucial role in buffering systems to maintain pH balance in biological systems.
5. Upon heating, hydrogen carbonates decompose to form carbonates, water, and carbon dioxide.

Related terms

Carbonic Acid:

A weak acid with the formula $\text{H}_2\text{CO}_3$ formed when CO$_2$ dissolves in water.

Carbonate:

Salts or esters of carbonic acid containing the carbonate ion $\left( \text{CO}_3^{2-} \right)$.

Buffer System: A solution that resists changes in pH upon addition of small amounts of acids or bases. Hydrogen carbonate plays a role in biological buffer systems.