First transition series

Definition

The first transition series includes the 10 elements from Scandium (Sc) to Zinc (Zn) in the fourth period of the periodic table. These elements are characterized by their partially filled d-orbitals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The first transition series consists of these elements: Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn.
2. These metals exhibit various oxidation states due to the involvement of both ns and (n-1)d electrons in bonding.
3. Transition metals typically form colored compounds because of d-d electronic transitions.
4. Many of these elements and their compounds act as important catalysts in industrial chemical reactions.
5. Magnetic properties are common among these elements, with some like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) being ferromagnetic.

Review Questions

• Which elements make up the first transition series?
• Why do first transition series metals exhibit multiple oxidation states?
• What is a common property of compounds formed by first transition series metals?

Related terms

Oxidation State: The charge that an atom would have if all bonds were ionic. In transition metals, it varies widely.

Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Many transition metals serve as catalysts.

Coordination Compound: A compound consisting of a central metal atom or ion bonded to surrounding molecules or anions known as ligands.