Variance: A measure of how much values in a dataset deviate from the mean. Calculated as the average squared deviation from the mean.
ANOVA: Analysis Of Variance, a statistical method used to compare means across multiple groups to see if at least one differs significantly.
F-Ratio: A ratio used in ANOVA that compares between-group variability to within-group variability. Calculated as $$ F = \dfrac{MSB}{MSW} $$ where MSB is Mean Square Between groups and MSW is Mean Square Within groups.