Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Definition

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is a U.S. federal agency responsible for enforcing laws against workplace discrimination. It aims to ensure that all individuals have equal access to employment opportunities and are treated fairly in the workplace, regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or genetic information. The EEOC investigates complaints, mediates disputes, and can file lawsuits on behalf of aggrieved individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The EEOC was established by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and officially began operations in 1965.
2. It is composed of five commissioners appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the Senate.
3. The EEOC handles a wide range of discrimination cases including those based on pregnancy and sexual orientation.
4. Employers with 15 or more employees are generally subject to EEOC regulations.
5. The EEOC also provides resources and guidance for employers on how to comply with anti-discrimination laws.

Review Questions

• How does the EEOC enforce anti-discrimination laws in the workplace?
  • The EEOC enforces anti-discrimination laws by investigating complaints filed by individuals who believe they have been discriminated against. Once a complaint is filed, the EEOC conducts a thorough investigation to determine whether there is reasonable cause to believe discrimination occurred. If discrimination is found, the EEOC attempts to mediate a resolution between the parties involved. If mediation fails, the agency has the authority to file lawsuits against employers on behalf of affected individuals.
• What role does Title VII of the Civil Rights Act play in the functions of the EEOC?
  • Title VII of the Civil Rights Act serves as a foundational law that empowers the EEOC to investigate and address workplace discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It establishes clear prohibitions against such forms of discrimination and mandates that employers provide equal employment opportunities. The EEOC's enforcement actions often stem from Title VII violations, which illustrates how this legislation shapes the agency's priorities and enforcement strategies in promoting fair labor practices.
• Evaluate how the EEOC's approach to discrimination cases reflects broader societal changes regarding workplace equality and diversity.
  • The EEOC's approach to discrimination cases has evolved significantly over time to reflect broader societal changes regarding workplace equality and diversity. Initially focused primarily on race and gender discrimination, it now encompasses a wider array of issues such as disability rights and sexual orientation. This evolution demonstrates the agency's responsiveness to emerging social justice movements and changing legal interpretations. By expanding its focus and implementing guidelines that promote inclusivity, the EEOC not only addresses immediate cases of discrimination but also plays a critical role in shaping workplace culture towards greater acceptance and equity.

Related terms

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act: A landmark federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Discrimination: Unfair treatment of a person or group based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or disability.

Affirmative Action: Policies and practices designed to increase opportunities for historically underrepresented groups in employment and education.