Peer-to-peer network

Definition

A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is a decentralized communication model in which each participant, or 'peer,' can act as both a client and a server, allowing them to share resources and data directly with one another. This structure contrasts with traditional client-server networks, as there is no central authority controlling the communication or resource distribution. P2P networks are integral to many applications, enabling efficient file sharing, collaboration, and distributed computing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In a peer-to-peer network, every peer has equal privileges and responsibilities, which promotes collaboration and resource sharing without relying on a central server.
2. P2P networks are commonly used in applications like file sharing (e.g., BitTorrent), where users can download and upload files directly between their devices.
3. Security can be a concern in P2P networks since they may be more vulnerable to malicious attacks or unauthorized access due to their decentralized nature.
4. P2P technology enables efficient use of bandwidth, as data is distributed among multiple peers rather than being funneled through a single server.
5. Intranets can use P2P networking to facilitate collaboration among employees by allowing them to share documents and resources directly with one another.

Review Questions

• How does the structure of a peer-to-peer network differ from a client-server model in terms of resource sharing?
  • In a peer-to-peer network, each peer acts as both a client and a server, allowing for direct resource sharing between users without the need for a centralized server. This contrasts with the client-server model, where clients depend on a dedicated server for accessing resources. The decentralized nature of P2P enables more efficient use of resources as it eliminates the bottleneck associated with a single server managing all requests.
• Discuss the advantages and challenges of implementing a peer-to-peer network in an organizational setting compared to traditional networking approaches.
  • Implementing a peer-to-peer network in an organization can offer advantages such as increased collaboration, better resource utilization, and lower costs since there is no need for extensive server infrastructure. However, challenges include potential security risks due to decentralized control, difficulties in managing data consistency, and complications arising from varying user access rights. Organizations must weigh these factors when deciding whether to adopt P2P networking.
• Evaluate the impact of peer-to-peer networking on file sharing practices in modern society and its implications for copyright laws.
  • Peer-to-peer networking has revolutionized file sharing practices by allowing users to easily share large amounts of data without relying on centralized servers. This has led to significant changes in how people access music, movies, and software. However, it also raises important implications for copyright laws as the ease of sharing can lead to widespread piracy. Lawmakers are challenged to adapt existing laws to protect intellectual property while recognizing the benefits of P2P technology for legitimate sharing and collaboration.

Related terms

Client-Server Model: A communication model where multiple clients request services and resources from a centralized server that manages and distributes the data.

Decentralization:

The distribution of functions and powers away from a central authority, allowing for more autonomy and direct interaction among peers in a network.

File Sharing: The practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as documents, music, and videos, typically facilitated by P2P networks.