American Exceptionalism

Definition

American exceptionalism is the belief that the United States is inherently different from other nations, often based on its unique history, democratic values, and role in promoting freedom and democracy worldwide. This concept shaped American attitudes toward expansion and influenced perceptions of its destiny, particularly in relation to territories like New Mexico following the Mexican-American War.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. American exceptionalism emerged as a justification for U.S. territorial expansion after the Mexican-American War, with many believing that it was America's duty to spread democracy and civilization.
2. The idea contributed to a mindset that saw non-American cultures as inferior, which rationalized policies like the displacement of Native Americans and the annexation of territories.
3. After the Mexican-American War, American leaders viewed the acquisition of New Mexico as a way to fulfill their perceived mission of spreading democracy.
4. The concept fostered a sense of national pride and identity among Americans, reinforcing beliefs that they were chosen by fate to lead by example on the world stage.
5. Critics of American exceptionalism argue that it oversimplifies complex historical realities and ignores the negative impacts of U.S. policies on other nations and cultures.

Review Questions

• How did American exceptionalism influence U.S. policy towards New Mexico following the Mexican-American War?
  • American exceptionalism played a significant role in shaping U.S. policy towards New Mexico after the Mexican-American War by fostering a belief that it was America's destiny to expand its territory and promote democratic values. This mindset justified the annexation of New Mexico and encouraged settlers to move into the region with the intention of civilizing it. The belief that the United States had a unique mission in the world motivated both political leaders and citizens to support policies aimed at integrating New Mexico into American society.
• In what ways did the idea of American exceptionalism contribute to conflicts with indigenous populations in New Mexico after its annexation?
  • The idea of American exceptionalism contributed to conflicts with indigenous populations in New Mexico by promoting a narrative that portrayed Native American cultures as inferior and in need of transformation. This cultural superiority complex justified actions such as land dispossession, forced assimilation, and military interventions aimed at controlling indigenous peoples. As settlers moved into New Mexico, their belief in American superiority often led to tensions and violence against Native Americans who resisted encroachment on their lands.
• Evaluate the long-term effects of American exceptionalism on U.S. foreign policy decisions throughout history, using examples from interactions with New Mexico post-Mexican-American War.
  • The long-term effects of American exceptionalism on U.S. foreign policy can be seen in various actions taken throughout history, including those related to New Mexico after its acquisition. This belief fueled expansionist tendencies, leading to policies that prioritized American interests over local autonomy or cultural preservation. The consequences of this mindset include ongoing conflicts regarding sovereignty and cultural identity among Native Americans and the legacy of U.S. interventions in Latin America, rooted in a belief that America had a responsibility to guide other nations toward democracy and progress. This pattern reflects how exceptionalism shaped not only territorial acquisitions but also broader diplomatic strategies across the globe.

Related terms

Manifest Destiny: The 19th-century doctrine that it was the divine right and destiny of the United States to expand its territory across North America.

Mexican-American War: A conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848, resulting in significant territorial gains for the U.S., including present-day California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.

Cultural Superiority: The belief that one's own culture is superior to others, which played a role in justifying American expansionist policies during the 19th century.