Limits and colimits are concepts from category theory that generalize the idea of constructing objects from diagrams in a category. Limits allow us to take a collection of objects and morphisms and find a universal object that captures their essence, while colimits provide a way to combine objects in a way that reflects their relationships. These concepts are fundamental in understanding how functors behave when mapping between categories, particularly in the context of covariant and contravariant functors.
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