Fraktur

Definition

Fraktur is a style of blackletter typeface that emerged in the 16th century, characterized by its ornate, angular letterforms. This typeface is often associated with German typography and is notable for its historical use in printed works, such as books and official documents. Fraktur represents a unique blend of Gothic design elements and was widely used in the German-speaking regions until the early 20th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fraktur was primarily used in German-speaking countries for centuries and became a nationalistic symbol during the 19th century.
2. The term 'Fraktur' comes from the Latin word 'fractura', meaning 'broken', which refers to the fractured appearance of the letterforms.
3. The typeface gained popularity with the invention of movable type printing by Johannes Gutenberg, making it widely accessible.
4. In the 20th century, Fraktur began to decline in favor of more modern typefaces as Germany underwent cultural changes, particularly after World War I.
5. Fraktur is still used today for decorative purposes and in specific contexts, such as in logos or cultural events, maintaining its historical significance.

Review Questions

• How did Fraktur reflect the cultural identity of German-speaking regions during its peak usage?
  • Fraktur became a powerful symbol of German identity during its peak, especially in the 19th century when nationalism was on the rise. The intricate and bold design of Fraktur resonated with the Romantic ideals of the time, embodying a connection to German heritage and tradition. As a result, Fraktur was not just a typeface but also an expression of cultural pride and unity among German speakers.
• Discuss the reasons behind the decline of Fraktur usage in the early 20th century and its impact on typography.
  • The decline of Fraktur in the early 20th century can be attributed to several factors, including political changes after World War I and a shift towards modernist design principles. As Germany sought to distance itself from its past, particularly after the war, many viewed Fraktur as an outdated symbol. This led to a preference for simpler, sans-serif typefaces that aligned more closely with contemporary aesthetic values, significantly impacting typography by promoting cleaner and more legible designs.
• Evaluate the lasting influence of Fraktur on modern graphic design and typography.
  • Fraktur continues to influence modern graphic design by serving as a historical reference point for designers looking to evoke a sense of tradition or cultural authenticity. Its unique style can be seen in contemporary designs that seek to capture nostalgia or heritage. Moreover, Fraktur's ornate qualities challenge designers to balance complexity with readability, demonstrating how historical typefaces can inform current trends while reminding us of the rich legacy embedded within typography.

Related terms

Blackletter: A style of script characterized by its bold and dramatic letterforms, commonly used in Western European manuscripts and early printed books.

Gothic Typography: A category of typefaces that emerged during the Middle Ages, noted for their decorative and often complex design, heavily influenced by the architecture of the time.

Typographic Contrast: The use of differing styles or weights in type to create visual interest and enhance readability in graphic design.