Plagal modes

Definition

Plagal modes are a category of musical modes used in Gregorian chant, characterized by a range that typically extends from a fourth below the final note to a third above it. These modes provide a distinct sound that contrasts with authentic modes, offering unique melodic formulas and emotional expressions. Plagal modes are often associated with the church's liturgical music, playing a vital role in shaping the soundscapes of medieval worship.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. There are four main plagal modes: Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hypolydian, and Hypomixolydian, each corresponding to their authentic counterparts but positioned a fourth below.
2. Plagal modes often evoke a sense of calmness and reflection in the chants, making them suitable for particular liturgical contexts like prayers and meditative pieces.
3. The melodic formulas within plagal modes frequently feature descending patterns, which contribute to their unique character compared to authentic modes.
4. The term 'plagal' comes from the Greek word 'plagios,' meaning 'oblique' or 'sideways,' which reflects how these modes relate to the authentic modes.
5. In medieval music theory, plagal modes were considered to have a softer and less authoritative feel than authentic modes, influencing their use in specific musical settings.

Review Questions

• How do plagal modes differ from authentic modes in terms of their structure and emotional expression?
  • Plagal modes differ from authentic modes primarily in their range; while authentic modes extend from the final note to an octave above, plagal modes extend from a fourth below the final note to a third above it. This structural difference results in plagal modes often conveying a more reflective and subdued emotional expression compared to the more assertive nature of authentic modes. The melodic formulas associated with plagal modes further enhance this calming character, making them suitable for specific liturgical functions.
• Discuss the significance of plagal modes in the context of Gregorian chant and how they contribute to the overall liturgical experience.
  • Plagal modes play an essential role in Gregorian chant by providing contrasting melodic structures that enhance the liturgical experience. Their unique characteristics contribute to the diversity of sounds within church music, offering moments of introspection during prayers or meditative pieces. By incorporating plagal modes into the liturgy, composers could express different emotional tones that resonate with congregants, creating a rich tapestry of worship music that complemented various aspects of the service.
• Evaluate the impact of plagal modes on the development of Western music theory and practice during the medieval period.
  • Plagal modes had a significant impact on the evolution of Western music theory and practice during the medieval period by introducing concepts of modal harmony and melodic construction that would influence later musical developments. Their relationship with authentic modes helped establish a foundational understanding of tonality that would shape Renaissance music. As composers began experimenting with plagal forms in polyphonic compositions, they paved the way for richer harmonic textures and greater emotional depth, ultimately leading to new styles and genres in Western music.

Related terms

Authentic modes: A set of eight modes used in Gregorian chant that have a range extending from the final note to an octave above, typically associated with strong, assertive melodies.

Final note: The primary note or tonic of a mode, which serves as the tonal center and resolution point in Gregorian chant.

Gregorian chant:

A form of plainchant or unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church, characterized by its monophonic texture and modal system.