Suspensions

Definition

Suspensions are a musical device where a note from a previous chord is held over into the next chord, creating a temporary dissonance before resolving to a consonant note. This technique adds tension and emotional depth to the music, making it a vital aspect of harmonic progression and contrapuntal writing, especially in the works of composers like Bach.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Suspensions are classified into types based on their position in the chord progression, such as 4-3, 7-6, and 9-8 suspensions.
2. Bach frequently utilized suspensions to enhance the emotional impact of his compositions, often placing them at crucial moments in his works.
3. In a suspension, the note that is sustained (the 'suspending' note) typically resolves downward by step to create consonance.
4. Suspensions are often used in sequences and can appear in both vocal and instrumental music, showcasing their versatility across genres.
5. The tension created by suspensions is a key element in establishing thematic development and contrast within a piece.

Review Questions

• How do suspensions contribute to the emotional expression in Bach's music?
  • Suspensions play a crucial role in creating emotional depth in Bach's music by introducing moments of tension that require resolution. By delaying the expected consonant harmony, Bach engages the listener's anticipation, making the eventual resolution more impactful. This technique allows for expressive melodic lines that can evoke a range of feelings, enhancing the overall musical experience.
• Discuss the different types of suspensions and their functions within harmonic progressions.
  • Different types of suspensions, such as 4-3 or 7-6 suspensions, serve unique functions within harmonic progressions. Each type alters the way dissonance resolves into consonance, affecting the overall harmonic narrative. For instance, a 4-3 suspension involves holding a note that creates dissonance before resolving downwards, creating a rich textural contrast. By varying the types and placements of suspensions, composers like Bach add layers of complexity to their works.
• Evaluate the significance of suspensions in counterpoint and how they influence the structure of Bach's compositions.
  • Suspensions are significant in counterpoint as they introduce dissonance between independent melodic lines, enriching the textural fabric of Bach's compositions. This interplay between voices not only creates tension but also strengthens thematic relationships within the music. By skillfully employing suspensions, Bach crafts intricate structures that maintain listener engagement while allowing for dynamic harmonic evolution. This complexity reflects his mastery of counterpoint and is central to understanding his compositional style.

Related terms

Dissonance: A combination of notes that creates a sense of tension or instability, often requiring resolution to consonance.

Consonance: A harmonious combination of notes that provides a sense of resolution and stability in music.

Counterpoint: A musical technique involving the interplay between two or more independent melodic lines, highlighting their rhythmic and harmonic relationships.