Parliamentary system

Definition

A parliamentary system is a form of government where the executive branch derives its legitimacy from and is directly accountable to the legislature or parliament. In this system, the head of government, typically known as the prime minister, is usually a member of the parliament and is chosen by fellow legislators, which creates a close relationship between the legislative and executive branches. This system often leads to more cohesive policy-making as the governing party or coalition tends to have a majority in the parliament.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In a parliamentary system, the prime minister can be removed from office by a vote of no confidence from the parliament, which promotes accountability.
2. Parliamentary systems often allow for greater political stability, as governments can be formed quickly after elections, unlike presidential systems where separation of powers may lead to gridlock.
3. Legislation tends to be passed more efficiently in parliamentary systems since the executive branch usually holds a majority in the parliament.
4. Countries with parliamentary systems often have multi-party systems, encouraging diverse representation and coalition-building.
5. The Netherlands has a unique version of a parliamentary system where the monarch plays a ceremonial role, while real political power resides with elected officials.

Review Questions

• How does the relationship between the executive and legislative branches differ in a parliamentary system compared to a presidential system?
  • In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is derived from the legislative branch, creating a direct accountability mechanism where the prime minister must maintain the support of the parliament to stay in power. In contrast, in a presidential system, the executive is elected independently of the legislature and does not depend on its support for survival. This fundamental difference leads to varying dynamics in governance, policy-making, and potential for conflict between branches.
• Discuss the advantages of having a coalition government within a parliamentary system.
  • Coalition governments in parliamentary systems can enhance democratic representation by ensuring that multiple viewpoints are included in governance. This collaboration often leads to compromise and more comprehensive policies that reflect diverse interests. However, while coalition governments can foster inclusivity, they may also lead to instability if agreements are fragile or if partners have conflicting agendas.
• Evaluate how the characteristics of a parliamentary system impact political stability and citizen engagement in governance.
  • The characteristics of a parliamentary system generally promote political stability as they allow for swift formation of governments following elections and facilitate efficient legislative processes. The close relationship between the executive and legislative branches encourages responsiveness to public needs and challenges. However, citizen engagement may vary depending on how well parties communicate their platforms and involve citizens in decision-making processes. Ultimately, while parliamentary systems can enhance stability and accountability, they also require active participation from citizens to ensure their voices are heard.

Related terms

Prime Minister: The head of government in a parliamentary system, responsible for running the government and making policy decisions.

Cabinet: A group of senior government officials, typically consisting of the heads of government departments, chosen by the prime minister to assist in decision-making and administration.

Coalition Government: A government formed by multiple political parties when no single party has a majority in parliament, requiring cooperation between parties to govern.