Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Definition

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology designed to prevent carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from entering the atmosphere by capturing it at its source and storing it underground in geological formations. This process is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from fossil fuel-based energy production, helping mitigate climate change while allowing continued use of existing energy infrastructure.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CCS involves three main steps: capturing CO2 from the source, transporting it to a storage site, and then injecting it into deep geological formations for long-term storage.
2. The technology can significantly reduce emissions from power plants and industrial processes, potentially lowering global CO2 emissions by up to 20% if widely implemented.
3. CCS sites are typically located in depleted oil and gas fields or deep saline aquifers, where the CO2 can be securely stored without the risk of leakage.
4. Implementing CCS can help transition to low-carbon energy systems while maintaining economic growth and energy security.
5. Government policies and financial incentives are essential for promoting investment in CCS technologies, as the initial costs can be high compared to traditional energy sources.

Review Questions

• How does carbon capture and storage (CCS) contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions?
  • CCS plays a vital role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing carbon dioxide at its source before it can enter the atmosphere. This process occurs primarily at fossil fuel power plants and industrial facilities where CO2 is generated. By effectively removing this greenhouse gas from emissions, CCS helps mitigate climate change impacts and supports global efforts to meet emission reduction targets.
• What are the main challenges associated with implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies?
  • The main challenges of implementing CCS include high costs for capturing, transporting, and storing carbon dioxide. There are also technical challenges related to ensuring long-term storage safety and preventing leaks. Furthermore, public perception and regulatory hurdles can impede project development. Addressing these challenges requires substantial investment, innovation in technology, and supportive government policies.
• Evaluate the potential impact of widespread adoption of carbon capture and storage (CCS) on global climate change efforts and energy production.
  • Widespread adoption of carbon capture and storage could significantly impact global climate change efforts by potentially reducing CO2 emissions by up to 20%. This would enable continued reliance on fossil fuels while transitioning towards more sustainable energy systems. However, the success of CCS also depends on integrating it with renewable energy sources and developing comprehensive climate strategies. Ultimately, effective CCS implementation could help balance energy demands with the need to achieve emission reduction goals, playing a crucial role in combating climate change.

Related terms

Greenhouse Gases: Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and climate change, including CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide.

Sequestration: The process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide in geological formations or other mediums to prevent its release into the atmosphere.

Fossil Fuels: Natural resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas that release CO2 when burned for energy, significantly contributing to air emissions.