Fourier coefficients are the complex numbers that represent the amplitudes of the sinusoidal components in a Fourier series or Fourier transform of a signal. These coefficients provide a way to break down a periodic function into a sum of sines and cosines, capturing the frequency characteristics of the signal. This decomposition allows for analysis and manipulation of signals in both time and frequency domains, bridging time-based representations with their corresponding frequency-domain representations.
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