Ependymal Cells

Definition

Ependymal cells are specialized glial cells that line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. They play a crucial role in the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which provides cushioning for the brain, removes waste, and supplies nutrients. These cells also contribute to maintaining the blood-brain barrier and regulating the composition of the CSF.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Ependymal cells have cilia on their surface that help in the movement of cerebrospinal fluid throughout the central nervous system.
2. These cells originate from neuroectodermal tissue during development and are part of the broader category of glial cells.
3. Ependymal cells can also have stem cell-like properties, contributing to neurogenesis in certain areas of the adult brain.
4. The lining formed by ependymal cells helps to create a barrier between the CSF and the brain tissue, maintaining a stable environment for neuronal function.
5. Dysfunction or damage to ependymal cells can lead to conditions such as hydrocephalus, where there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid due to impaired circulation or absorption.

Review Questions

• How do ependymal cells contribute to the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid?
  • Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, playing a key role in producing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through their interaction with choroid plexus structures. The cilia on their surface help circulate CSF throughout the central nervous system, ensuring it flows properly and reaches all areas that require protection and nutrient supply. By facilitating CSF movement, ependymal cells maintain a stable environment for neuronal function.
• What roles do ependymal cells play in maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system?
  • Ependymal cells contribute to homeostasis within the central nervous system by regulating the composition of cerebrospinal fluid and maintaining a barrier between CSF and brain tissue. Their ability to produce CSF not only cushions the brain but also removes metabolic waste and provides essential nutrients to neurons. Additionally, they help form part of the blood-brain barrier, which protects neural tissue from potentially harmful substances circulating in the bloodstream.
• Evaluate how dysfunction of ependymal cells could lead to neurological disorders, including hydrocephalus.
  • Dysfunction of ependymal cells can significantly impact the health of the central nervous system, as these cells are vital for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid. In cases where ependymal cells become damaged or dysfunctional, such as in inflammation or injury, there may be impaired circulation or absorption of CSF. This can lead to conditions like hydrocephalus, characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, resulting in increased intracranial pressure, which can cause severe neurological symptoms and damage if not treated.

Related terms

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): A clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord, providing protection, buoyancy, and nutrients to nervous tissue.

Glial Cells:

Supportive cells in the nervous system that provide structural support, insulation, and nutrients to neurons, and play roles in immune defense.

Blood-Brain Barrier: A selective permeability barrier that separates circulating blood from the brain's extracellular fluid, protecting the brain from harmful substances.