Rational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers, where the denominator is not zero. This means any number that can be written in the form $$\frac{a}{b}$$, where $$a$$ and $$b$$ are integers and $$b \neq 0$$, qualifies as a rational number. In the context of elliptic curves, rational numbers are crucial because they serve as coordinates for points on these curves when considered over the field of rational numbers, linking algebraic structures with geometric interpretations.
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