Nihon shoki

Definition

Nihon Shoki, also known as the Chronicles of Japan, is a historical text compiled in the 8th century that serves as one of the most important sources for early Japanese history and mythology. It provides a detailed account of Japan's imperial lineage, the establishment of the state, and significant events during the Asuka and Nara periods, linking political authority to divine origins and reinforcing the legitimacy of the ruling dynasty.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nihon Shoki was completed in 720 AD under the commission of Emperor Tenmu and is the second oldest historical text in Japan.
2. The text consists of 30 volumes and offers a chronological account from mythical times through to the reign of Empress Jitō.
3. Nihon Shoki emphasizes the divine ancestry of the Japanese imperial family, connecting them to the sun goddess Amaterasu, which helped legitimize their rule.
4. The work is written in classical Chinese and includes various mythological tales, historical events, and genealogies that highlight key figures in early Japan.
5. It served as an essential source for understanding Japan's early governance structures, cultural practices, and its interactions with neighboring countries such as China and Korea.

Review Questions

• How does Nihon Shoki reflect the political ideologies of its time regarding the legitimacy of the imperial family?
  • Nihon Shoki reflects the political ideologies of its time by emphasizing the divine ancestry of the Japanese emperors, particularly their descent from Amaterasu, the sun goddess. This portrayal reinforced the notion that the imperial family had a divine right to rule, thus legitimizing their authority over the state. The text also connected historical events to divine intervention, presenting rulers as both political leaders and religious figures.
• In what ways does Nihon Shoki differ from Kojiki in terms of content and purpose?
  • Nihon Shoki differs from Kojiki primarily in its focus on historical chronology versus mythological narratives. While Kojiki emphasizes creation myths and legends concerning gods and early ancestors, Nihon Shoki provides a more systematic account of Japanese history from mythical times to contemporary events at its writing. Additionally, Nihon Shoki aims to legitimize political power by documenting emperors' reigns and linking them to divine origins, whereas Kojiki is more concerned with cultural identity and mythology.
• Evaluate how Nihon Shoki contributes to our understanding of cultural exchange between Japan and neighboring countries during the Asuka and Nara periods.
  • Nihon Shoki plays a vital role in understanding cultural exchange between Japan and neighboring countries during the Asuka and Nara periods by documenting interactions with China and Korea. The text details diplomatic missions, influences from Chinese culture such as Buddhism, and imports like writing systems that shaped early Japanese society. This exchange not only impacted Japan's political structures but also enriched its artistic expressions, religious practices, and social organization. By analyzing these elements within Nihon Shoki, we gain insight into how Japan integrated external influences while developing its own unique identity.

Related terms

Kojiki: The Kojiki, or 'Records of Ancient Matters,' is another ancient Japanese text that predates Nihon Shoki, focusing on mythology and early history, including the creation myths and genealogy of the gods.

Asuka Period:

The Asuka Period (538-710) was a crucial time in Japanese history marked by the introduction of Buddhism, significant political changes, and the development of a centralized state.

Nara Period:

The Nara Period (710-794) followed the Asuka Period and is known for the establishment of Japan's first permanent capital at Nara, as well as advancements in art, literature, and government.