Exact diagonalization is a numerical method used in quantum many-body physics to find the eigenstates and eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian by directly solving the Schrödinger equation for small systems. This technique is particularly effective for studying strongly correlated systems, where interactions between particles play a significant role, making approximate methods less reliable. Exact diagonalization provides insight into ground states, excited states, and various physical properties by analyzing the resulting wave functions and energy levels.
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