Dendrites

Definition

Dendrites are branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons and convey them to the cell body. They play a crucial role in the transmission of neural signals within the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dendrites increase the surface area of a neuron, allowing it to form connections with many other neurons.
2. They contain receptors that bind neurotransmitters released from neighboring neurons.
3. Dendritic spines are small protrusions on dendrites that further enhance synaptic connectivity.
4. The structure and function of dendrites can be altered by learning and experience, demonstrating their role in neuroplasticity.
5. In some types of neurons, dendrites can also generate electrical signals called local potentials.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
• How do dendritic spines contribute to neuronal communication?
• In what way can dendrites change as a result of learning?

Related terms

Axon: A long projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or muscles.

Synapse:

The junction between two neurons where neurotransmitters are released to transmit signals.

Neurotransmitter: Chemical substances released at synapses that transmit signals across the synaptic gap to another neuron or target cell.