Linkage disequilibrium refers to the non-random association of alleles at different loci in a given population. This means that certain combinations of alleles are found together more often than would be expected if they were independent, which can be influenced by factors such as genetic drift, selection, and population structure. Understanding linkage disequilibrium is crucial for studying mutations and genetic variation, as it can provide insights into the evolutionary processes that shape genetic diversity within populations.
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