Substantive tests are audit procedures designed to gather evidence about the assertions made in financial statements, focusing on the accuracy and completeness of financial information. These tests are crucial in determining whether financial statements are free from material misstatement, which directly ties to audit risk and materiality, as auditors assess the level of assurance required based on their evaluation of inherent risks and controls. By performing substantive tests, auditors can obtain sufficient evidence that supports their opinion on the fairness of financial statements.
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