Gold death masks

Definition

Gold death masks are funerary artifacts made primarily of gold that were crafted to cover the faces of deceased individuals in ancient cultures, particularly among the Mycenaeans. These masks served both practical and symbolic purposes, acting as a protective barrier for the deceased and embodying their identity and status in the afterlife. The craftsmanship involved in creating these masks highlights the advanced metalworking skills of the Mycenaean civilization.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gold death masks were often found in royal graves, indicating their association with elite status and wealth in Mycenaean society.
2. One of the most famous gold death masks is the 'Mask of Agamemnon,' discovered by Heinrich Schliemann at Mycenae, which is believed to date back to the 16th century BCE.
3. These masks were not merely decorative; they were believed to help guide the spirit of the deceased into the afterlife and protect their identity.
4. The intricate designs on gold death masks often included facial features, jewelry, and symbolic motifs that reflected the deceased's life and achievements.
5. The production of gold death masks showcases the advanced techniques of Mycenaean metalwork, including alloying and granulation, which contributed to their durability and aesthetic appeal.

Review Questions

• How do gold death masks reflect the social hierarchy of Mycenaean society?
  • Gold death masks are closely tied to the elite members of Mycenaean society, often found in royal graves. Their use signifies not just wealth but also a belief in an afterlife where social status continued to matter. By adorning the deceased with these luxurious items, it was a way for the living to honor their status and ensure they were recognized in the afterlife.
• Discuss the techniques used in creating gold death masks and their significance in Mycenaean metalwork.
  • The creation of gold death masks involved advanced metalworking techniques such as alloying to enhance strength and granulation for intricate decoration. These methods showcase the high level of skill possessed by Mycenaean artisans and their ability to create durable yet aesthetically striking objects. The craftsmanship not only demonstrates technical expertise but also reflects cultural values surrounding death and burial practices.
• Evaluate the role of gold death masks within the broader context of Mycenaean funerary practices and beliefs about the afterlife.
  • Gold death masks played a crucial role in Mycenaean funerary practices as symbols of identity and protection for the deceased. They embodied beliefs about the afterlife, where maintaining one’s identity was essential for a successful transition. This focus on preserving identity through elaborate burials highlights cultural values surrounding honor, status, and continuity beyond death. The craftsmanship involved indicates how seriously they regarded these beliefs, intertwining artistic expression with spiritual significance.

Related terms

Tholos Tombs:

A type of burial structure used by the Mycenaeans, characterized by a beehive shape and built with large stones, often containing elaborate burial goods.

Mycenaean Civilization: An ancient Greek civilization that flourished from approximately 1600 to 1100 BCE, known for its palatial states, architectural achievements, and intricate art forms.

Metalwork: The craft of shaping metals into useful or decorative objects, which was highly developed in Mycenaean culture, especially in creating weapons, tools, and ornamental items.