Conservatism

Definition

Conservatism is a political ideology that emphasizes tradition, social stability, and maintaining established institutions. It advocates for gradual change rather than radical transformation, valuing the importance of historical context and cultural heritage in shaping society. This ideology often aligns with a preference for limited government intervention in the economy and prioritizes individual liberties within a framework of societal norms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Conservatism has its roots in the response to the French Revolution, as thinkers like Edmund Burke emphasized the need for stability and gradual reform.
2. Economic conservatism supports free markets and limited government involvement in economic affairs, promoting entrepreneurship and individual initiative.
3. Conservatives often prioritize national sovereignty and security, advocating for a strong defense policy and cautious foreign relations.
4. The rise of the conservative movement in the United States during the late 20th century was characterized by the combination of economic and social conservatism, leading to significant political shifts.
5. Conservative ideologies can vary widely across different cultures, with unique manifestations reflecting local traditions, values, and historical contexts.

Review Questions

• How does conservatism influence public policy decisions regarding social issues?
  • Conservatism influences public policy decisions by emphasizing traditional values and the importance of established institutions. For example, conservatives may advocate for policies that uphold family structures and religious beliefs, often opposing changes that challenge these norms. This approach can affect legislation on issues like marriage, education, and social welfare, with a focus on maintaining societal stability rather than pursuing rapid reform.
• In what ways does economic conservatism differ from other political ideologies when addressing government intervention in the economy?
  • Economic conservatism differs from other political ideologies by advocating for minimal government intervention in the economy. Unlike liberal or progressive approaches that may support regulatory measures or social welfare programs, conservatives believe that free markets should primarily drive economic growth. They argue that reducing taxes and regulations fosters entrepreneurship and innovation, promoting overall prosperity without excessive government oversight.
• Evaluate the impact of conservatism on contemporary political discourse in America, considering both its challenges and contributions.
  • Conservatism has a significant impact on contemporary political discourse in America by shaping debates around governance, societal values, and economic policies. Its emphasis on tradition and limited government appeals to many who seek stability in a rapidly changing world. However, conservatism also faces challenges such as adapting to new social dynamics and addressing issues like inequality. Overall, it contributes to a diverse political landscape by fostering discussions about the balance between change and preservation in society.

Related terms

Classical Liberalism: A political ideology that values individual freedom, limited government, and free markets, emphasizing the importance of personal rights and liberties.

Social Conservatism:

A branch of conservatism that emphasizes the preservation of traditional values, particularly in social issues such as family, religion, and morality.

Neoconservatism: A political movement that emerged in the United States, advocating for an active foreign policy, democracy promotion, and a strong military presence to advance American interests globally.