Trial division is a straightforward algorithm used to determine whether a number is prime by testing its divisibility against all prime numbers less than or equal to its square root. This method relies on the fundamental properties of integers, particularly the fact that if a number has a divisor other than one and itself, at least one of those divisors must be less than or equal to the square root of the number being tested. Therefore, it connects deeply with prime numbers, as it effectively identifies primes by eliminating composite numbers.
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