Les misérables

Definition

Les Misérables is a monumental novel written by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that explores themes of justice, redemption, and the struggles of the marginalized in society. The story follows several characters, particularly Jean Valjean, as they navigate the challenges of poverty, law, and love in post-revolutionary France. This work has inspired various adaptations, including a renowned American musical that captures its emotional depth and societal critique through powerful music and lyrics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Les Misérables is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century and has had a profound impact on literature and social thought.
2. The American musical adaptation premiered in 1985 and features iconic songs such as 'I Dreamed a Dream' and 'On My Own,' bringing new life to Hugo's characters and themes.
3. Hugo wrote Les Misérables not only as a story but also as a social commentary on the injustices faced by the poor in 19th-century France.
4. The musical adaptation captures the essence of the original novel while using powerful melodies to convey the emotional struggles of the characters.
5. Les Misérables has been adapted into numerous films, stage productions, and even operas, showcasing its enduring relevance and popularity across different cultures.

Review Questions

• How does Jean Valjean's character arc reflect the themes of redemption in Les Misérables?
  • Jean Valjean's journey from a hardened criminal to a compassionate benefactor illustrates the theme of redemption central to Les Misérables. Initially imprisoned for stealing a loaf of bread, his release marks the beginning of his struggle to reform his life while being hunted by Javert. Through acts of kindness and selflessness, Valjean transforms into a symbol of hope, showing that even those who have strayed can find their way back to virtue.
• Discuss the role of music in the American musical adaptation of Les Misérables and how it enhances the storytelling.
  • Music plays a pivotal role in the American musical adaptation of Les Misérables by deepening emotional connections between characters and audiences. The songs not only advance the plot but also express inner thoughts and feelings that might be difficult to convey through dialogue alone. For instance, songs like 'One Day More' bring together characters' aspirations and struggles in a powerful ensemble number, enhancing the overall impact of the narrative.
• Evaluate how Victor Hugo’s portrayal of social issues in Les Misérables resonates with contemporary society through its musical adaptation.
  • Victor Hugo's portrayal of poverty, injustice, and human resilience in Les Misérables remains highly relevant today, as reflected in its musical adaptation. The struggles faced by characters like Fantine and Éponine echo modern social issues such as economic inequality and lack of opportunity. By addressing these themes through compelling music and relatable characters, the adaptation sparks discussions about social justice in our own time, emphasizing that while contexts may change, human struggles persist.

Related terms

Jean Valjean: The main character in Les Misérables, a former convict seeking redemption and a better life after being released from prison.

Javert: The relentless police inspector who pursues Jean Valjean throughout the novel, representing the law and its unforgiving nature.

Musical Theatre: A genre of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance to tell a story, often seen in adaptations of literary works like Les Misérables.