Fatalism

Definition

Fatalism is the philosophical belief that all events are predetermined and inevitable, leading individuals to feel that their actions cannot change the outcomes of their lives. This perspective often suggests that human beings have little to no control over their destiny, which can evoke feelings of resignation or acceptance in the face of life's challenges. In literature, fatalism often intertwines with themes of struggle against fate and the limits of free will.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In 'Moby-Dick', Ahab's obsession with conquering the whale symbolizes a struggle against a fatalistic view, as he seeks to defy his perceived fate.
2. The narrative explores the tension between human agency and a seemingly indifferent universe, portraying characters who grapple with the limits of their control.
3. Ishmael's reflections throughout the novel often highlight themes of acceptance and resignation, showcasing a fatalistic attitude towards the unpredictable nature of life at sea.
4. The concept of fatalism is often linked to the natural world in 'Moby-Dick', where characters confront forces beyond their control, such as the ocean and its creatures.
5. The symbolic significance of the whale itself embodies fatalism, representing an unstoppable force that challenges human endeavors and ambitions.

Review Questions

• How does Ahab's journey in 'Moby-Dick' illustrate the conflict between human ambition and fatalistic beliefs?
  • Ahab's journey serves as a central exploration of this conflict, as he relentlessly pursues Moby Dick despite knowing that his obsession may lead to his own demise. This reflects a deep struggle against a predestined fate, where Ahab attempts to assert control over his life and defy what he perceives as an inevitable outcome. His character ultimately embodies the tragic consequences of such a struggle, highlighting the limitations of human will against greater forces.
• Discuss how Ishmael's perspective throughout 'Moby-Dick' contributes to the novel's exploration of fatalism.
  • Ishmael's narrative voice often conveys a sense of resignation towards life's unpredictability, reinforcing the theme of fatalism. His reflections on fate and chance suggest that events unfold beyond human understanding or control. By sharing his thoughts on fate while also engaging with Ahab's obsessive pursuit, Ishmael encapsulates the tension between accepting one's fate and striving against it, enriching the novel's complexity around these themes.
• Evaluate how Melville uses symbolism to convey ideas related to fatalism in 'Moby-Dick', particularly through the imagery of the whale.
  • Melville employs the whale as a powerful symbol of fatalism, representing an overwhelming force that humans cannot conquer. The whale embodies nature's indifference to human struggles and ambitions, challenging characters like Ahab who seek dominance over it. Through this symbolism, Melville critiques the futility of resisting fate and underscores a broader commentary on humanity's place within a vast and uncontrollable universe, prompting readers to reflect on their own relationship with destiny.

Related terms

Determinism: The theory that all events, including moral choices, are determined completely by previously existing causes.

Tragic Hero: A character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his or her own destruction, often highlighting the tension between fate and free will.

Existentialism: A philosophical movement that emphasizes individual existence, freedom, and choice, often in contrast to fatalistic views.