Enlightenment Principles

Definition

Enlightenment principles are a set of ideas that emerged during the Enlightenment, a cultural and intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of authority. These principles advocated for the belief in human progress, the importance of education, and the idea that individuals should have rights and freedoms, which significantly influenced political thought and architecture during this time.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Enlightenment principles played a key role in shaping modern democratic ideas, emphasizing individual liberty and equality before the law.
2. Thomas Jefferson was heavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, whose ideas on natural rights inspired the Declaration of Independence.
3. Monticello, Jefferson's plantation home, reflects Enlightenment principles through its design, which incorporates classical architectural elements symbolizing reason and democracy.
4. The use of symmetry and proportion in Monticello's design is a nod to Enlightenment ideals, promoting harmony and balance as essential attributes of an ideal society.
5. The Enlightenment encouraged the notion that education and knowledge were vital for societal progress, leading to the establishment of libraries and institutions dedicated to learning.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment principles influence Thomas Jefferson's approach to architecture, particularly in Monticello?
  • Enlightenment principles deeply influenced Thomas Jefferson's architectural philosophy as he sought to embody ideals of reason, order, and harmony in Monticello. He designed the home using classical elements that reflected democratic values and individual liberty, showcasing symmetry and proportion. This architectural style was not only an aesthetic choice but also a representation of his beliefs about governance and society.
• In what ways did Enlightenment principles manifest in the broader social and political context during Jefferson's time?
  • During Jefferson's era, Enlightenment principles manifested in various ways, including the push for independence from British rule based on ideas of natural rights and self-governance. The philosophical notions that individuals should be free to think for themselves and question authority led to revolutionary movements. Additionally, these principles encouraged reforms in education and governance that aimed at improving societal conditions by fostering informed citizenry.
• Evaluate how the architecture of Monticello serves as both a personal expression of Jefferson's values and a reflection of Enlightenment thought.
  • Monticello serves as a personal expression of Thomas Jefferson's values by incorporating his beliefs in individual rights and reason through its architectural style. The careful planning and classical references align with Enlightenment thought, showcasing how architecture can embody philosophical ideals. Moreover, the structure represents a vision for an educated society where knowledge is paramount. Thus, Monticello stands as a physical manifestation of both Jefferson's personal aspirations and the broader Enlightenment ideals he championed.

Related terms

Rationalism: A philosophical approach that emphasizes reason as the primary source of knowledge and truth, often contrasting with empiricism.

Humanism: A cultural and intellectual movement that focused on human values, potential, and achievements, often celebrating classical antiquity.

Social Contract: A theory in political philosophy that posits individuals consent to form societies and governments in exchange for protection of their rights.