Curatorial Studies

🏛️Curatorial Studies Unit 7 – Art Handling: Conservation & Storage

Art handling is a crucial aspect of curatorial studies, focusing on the preservation and protection of cultural heritage objects. This unit covers conservation principles, handling techniques, environmental control, storage solutions, and packing methods for various art forms. Proper documentation, risk assessment, and emergency preparedness are essential for long-term collection care. Students learn about ethical considerations, specialized equipment, and best practices for maintaining the integrity and authenticity of artworks while ensuring their safety during storage, transport, and exhibition.

Key Concepts and Terminology

  • Conservation involves the preservation, protection, and restoration of cultural heritage objects
  • Preventive conservation focuses on minimizing deterioration and damage to objects through environmental control, proper handling, and storage
  • Interventive conservation includes treatments such as cleaning, repair, and stabilization of objects
  • Restoration aims to return an object to its original appearance or function, often involving more extensive interventions
  • Authenticity refers to the genuineness and originality of an object, which can be affected by conservation treatments
  • Provenance is the history of ownership and custody of an object, providing context for its significance and value
  • Condition reports document the physical state of an object at a specific point in time, noting any damage, alterations, or conservation needs

Conservation Principles and Ethics

  • The primary goal of conservation is to preserve the physical and cultural integrity of objects for future generations
  • Conservators must adhere to professional codes of ethics, which prioritize the long-term preservation of objects over short-term aesthetic considerations
  • Minimal intervention is a key principle, involving the least invasive and most reversible treatments possible
  • Documentation is essential, recording all examination findings, treatment decisions, and procedures performed on an object
  • Conservators must respect the original materials and techniques used in the creation of an object, as well as any alterations that reflect its history and use
  • Collaboration with curators, art historians, and other experts is necessary to make informed decisions about the care and treatment of objects
  • Continuing education and research are important for staying current with best practices and new technologies in the field

Handling Techniques for Different Art Forms

  • Paintings require careful handling to avoid damage to the canvas, frame, and surface
    • Use clean, dry hands or nitrile gloves to prevent transfer of oils and dirt
    • Support the painting from the bottom and sides, never putting pressure on the canvas
  • Sculptures may be heavy, fragile, or have complex surfaces that require special handling
    • Plan the move in advance, ensuring a clear path and adequate support
    • Use padded gloves, straps, or specialized equipment to distribute weight evenly
  • Works on paper are particularly sensitive to light, humidity, and physical damage
    • Handle paper by the edges, using gloves or clean hands
    • Support the paper fully when moving, using a rigid backing board if necessary
  • Textiles should be handled as little as possible to minimize stress on fibers
    • Use clean, padded surfaces and gentle, even support when moving textiles
    • Avoid folding or creasing, which can cause permanent damage
  • Photographs have specific sensitivities to light, humidity, and pollutants
    • Wear gloves to prevent transfer of fingerprints and oils
    • Store photographs in archival-quality enclosures and avoid exposure to light

Environmental Control and Monitoring

  • Temperature and relative humidity levels must be carefully regulated to prevent damage to objects
    • Ideal ranges vary by material, but generally aim for stability and avoidance of extremes
    • Fluctuations in temperature and humidity can cause expansion, contraction, and warping of materials
  • Light exposure should be minimized, as UV and visible light can fade colors and degrade materials over time
    • Use low-wattage bulbs, UV filters, and timed controls to limit light levels
    • Rotate light-sensitive objects on display to reduce cumulative exposure
  • Air quality is important, as pollutants and particulates can settle on surfaces and cause chemical reactions
    • Use air filtration systems to remove dust, gases, and other contaminants
    • Monitor and control ventilation to prevent introduction of outdoor pollutants
  • Integrated pest management (IPM) is necessary to prevent insect and rodent damage to collections
    • Implement regular monitoring, trapping, and inspection protocols
    • Use sealed storage enclosures and quarantine procedures for new acquisitions

Storage Solutions and Materials

  • Archival-quality materials are essential for long-term storage of objects
    • Use acid-free boxes, folders, and tissue paper to prevent chemical deterioration
    • Choose inert plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene for housing objects
  • Storage furniture should be sturdy, adjustable, and non-reactive
    • Metal shelving and cabinets are preferred over wood, which can off-gas harmful compounds
    • Use padded drawers, dividers, and supports to prevent shifting and damage
  • Specialized housing may be needed for fragile or oversized objects
    • Custom-built crates, mounts, and mannequins can provide tailored support and protection
    • Consult with conservators and mount-makers to design appropriate housing solutions
  • Storage areas should be secure, climate-controlled, and regularly monitored
    • Limit access to designated staff and maintain strict protocols for object handling and movement
    • Implement disaster preparedness measures, such as water detection and fire suppression systems

Packing and Transportation Methods

  • Packing materials should provide adequate cushioning, support, and protection from shock and vibration
    • Use archival-quality foams, bubble wrap, and tissue paper to pad and separate objects
    • Avoid materials like newspaper, wool, and rubber, which can degrade or transfer harmful substances
  • Packing techniques should be tailored to the specific needs of each object
    • Double-boxing, cavity packing, and suspension systems can provide additional layers of protection
    • Label boxes clearly with object information, handling instructions, and any special precautions
  • Transportation methods should be chosen based on the fragility, size, and destination of the objects
    • Fine art shippers specialize in the secure transport of high-value and delicate objects
    • Climate-controlled trucks, air-ride suspension, and GPS tracking can ensure safe transit
  • Courier accompaniment may be necessary for high-value or extremely fragile objects
    • Couriers oversee the packing, unpacking, and installation of objects at the destination
    • They can also monitor environmental conditions and handle any emergencies during transit

Documentation and Record Keeping

  • Thorough documentation is essential for the long-term care and management of collections
    • Create detailed condition reports, treatment records, and photographs to track changes over time
    • Use standardized forms and terminology to ensure consistency and clarity
  • Collection management systems (CMS) can help centralize and organize object records
    • Digital databases allow for easy searching, updating, and sharing of information
    • Integrate conservation documentation with curatorial and registration records for a holistic view of each object
  • Photographic documentation should be high-quality, color-accurate, and properly labeled
    • Use scale bars, color charts, and consistent lighting to ensure accurate representation of objects
    • Store digital files in multiple secure locations and create backup copies regularly
  • Loan and exhibition records should include detailed condition reports and shipping documentation
    • Specify any special handling, installation, or environmental requirements for borrowed objects
    • Retain copies of all loan agreements, insurance certificates, and shipping receipts

Risk Assessment and Emergency Preparedness

  • Identify and prioritize potential risks to collections, such as fire, flood, theft, and vandalism
    • Conduct regular risk assessments and update emergency plans accordingly
    • Install appropriate detection and suppression systems, such as smoke detectors and sprinklers
  • Develop a comprehensive emergency preparedness and response plan
    • Assign roles and responsibilities for staff members during an emergency
    • Establish procedures for evacuation, salvage, and recovery of objects
  • Train staff in emergency response procedures and conduct regular drills
    • Ensure all staff know the location and use of emergency equipment, such as fire extinguishers and first aid kits
    • Practice scenarios for different types of emergencies, including natural disasters and human-caused incidents
  • Establish relationships with local emergency responders and conservation professionals
    • Invite fire department and police personnel to tour the facility and familiarize themselves with the layout and collections
    • Maintain a list of trusted conservators and disaster recovery specialists who can provide assistance in the event of an emergency
  • Create emergency supply kits and store them in easily accessible locations
    • Include items such as flashlights, batteries, gloves, masks, and plastic sheeting
    • Regularly check and update supplies to ensure they are in good condition and ready for use


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© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.
AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.