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4.0 Unit 4 Overview: Contextualization

2 min readmay 29, 2020

S

Sally Kim

S

Sally Kim

Introduction

Political parties with different ideas of government caused division within the country and increased sectionalism between the North and South. The consisted of and , and the included the and .

America changed foreign policies through attempts to increase trade and expand. The country also struggled to demonstrate its power in foreign affairs, such as the , but managed to be successful in some situations, like the .

America also expanded and added new territories through various ways, such as the and . These greatly increased the size of America.

Increasing middle class due to eventually led to the , which in turn, allowed reform movements to occur. Minority and religious groups, like slaves, women, and Quakers, flourished with new reforms.

🎥 Watch: AP US History - Period 4 Review

Timeline

1800 - , ,

1803 - Marbury v. Madison,

1808 -

1811 -

1812 -

1814 -

1815 - State of the Union Address

1817 - ,

1819 -

1820 -

1824 -

1829 -

1831 -

1837 - ,

1838 - Trail of Tears

1841 - Election of William Henry Harrison (John Tyler)

1848 -

Key Terms to Review (32)

Battle of Tippecanoe

: The Battle of Tippecanoe was a conflict in 1811 between U.S. forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison and Native American warriors associated with the Shawnee leader Tecumseh.

Democratic-Republicans

: The Democratic-Republicans were one of two main political parties during America's First Party System (1792-1824). They favored states' rights, an agrarian economy, and diplomatic alignment with France.

Democrats

: The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, originating from 1828. During the Second Party System, they were led by Andrew Jackson and favored states' rights and limited government.

Election of Andrew Jackson

: The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 marked a turning point in American politics as it signified a shift towards greater democracy and representation for common people. It also saw an increase in voter participation due to changes in state laws regarding suffrage.

Election of James Madison

: The election of James Madison in 1808 saw him become America's fourth President. He was a key figure in drafting and promoting the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, earning him the nickname "Father of the Constitution."

Election of James Monroe

: The Election of James Monroe took place in 1816 when James Monroe was elected as fifth President Of United States. He was a Democratic-Republican and his presidency is often called the "Era of Good Feelings".

Election of John Quincy Adams

: The election of John Quincy Adams in 1824 was the 10th quadrennial presidential election. It was a highly contested race that ended with the House of Representatives deciding the outcome, as no candidate had received a majority of electoral votes.

Election of Martin Van Buren

: The election of Martin Van Buren took place in 1836, making him the eighth president of the United States. He served from 1837-1841 during which he faced significant challenges including economic recession following the Panic of 1837.

Election of Thomas Jefferson

: The election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800, also known as the "Revolution of 1800," was a significant event in American history. It marked the first peaceful transition of power between political parties (from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans) and set a precedent for future elections.

Election of William Henry Harrison (John Tyler)

: The election of 1840 where Whig candidate William Henry Harrison won the presidency. However, he died just a month into his term and was succeeded by Vice President John Tyler.

Era of Good Feelings

: The Era of Good Feelings refers to the period in American history from 1815 to 1825, when there was a sense of national purpose and unity following the War of 1812. This era saw the dominance of one political party, the Democratic-Republicans.

Federalists

: Federalists were supporters of ratification of U.S Constitution; they believed in strong central government and loose interpretation of Constitution.

First Party System

: The First Party System is a term that describes the political system in place in the United States between 1792 and 1824. It was marked by two dominant political parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.

Gabriel’s Rebellion

: Gabriel's Rebellion was a planned slave revolt in Richmond, Virginia in 1800, led by a slave named Gabriel Prosser. The plan was discovered and suppressed before it could be carried out.

Louisiana Purchase

: The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal between the United States and France in 1803, where the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

Marbury v. Madison

: Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court case from 1803 that established judicial review, giving courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Market Revolution

: The Market Revolution refers to the period in 19th-century American history when an agrarian society of small producers evolved into an industrialized nation of consumers.

Mexican Cession

: The Mexican Cession is a term for the region in present-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War.

Missouri Compromise

: An agreement passed by Congress in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions that regulated slavery in western territories, admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Monroe Doctrine

: The Monroe Doctrine was an American policy set forth in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.

Panic of 1819

: The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in United States history. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing.

Panic of 1837

: The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that led to an economic depression. It was triggered by a speculative fever, bank failures, and a lack of confidence in the paper currency.

Revolution of 1800

: The Revolution of 1800 refers to the presidential election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams. It marked the first peaceful transition of power between political parties (Federalists to Democratic-Republicans) in U.S history.

Second Great Awakening

: The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, characterized by enthusiastic preaching and widespread revival meetings.

Second Party System

: The Second Party System refers to the political framework in the United States from about 1828 to 1854, characterized by the dominance of two major parties: the Democrats and the Whigs.

Seneca Falls Convention

: The first women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in July 1848. It marked a significant step towards women's suffrage in America.

State of Union Address

: The State of Union Address is an annual speech delivered by the President to Congress, outlining his or her agenda for upcoming year and discussing national issues.

Trail Tears

: The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Thousands died from exposure, disease, and starvation during their journey westward.

Treaty of Ghent

: The Treaty of Ghent was a peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. It was signed on December 24, 1814 in Ghent, Belgium.

Turner’s Rebellion

: Turner's Rebellion was a slave rebellion that took place in Virginia in 1831. Led by Nat Turner, the rebellion resulted in the deaths of about 60 white people and harsher laws against slaves.

War of 1812

: The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain from June 1812 to February 1815. It was primarily over British violations of U.S. maritime rights.

Whigs

: The Whigs were an American political party active from 1833-1856 that stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements.

4.0 Unit 4 Overview: Contextualization

2 min readmay 29, 2020

S

Sally Kim

S

Sally Kim

Introduction

Political parties with different ideas of government caused division within the country and increased sectionalism between the North and South. The consisted of and , and the included the and .

America changed foreign policies through attempts to increase trade and expand. The country also struggled to demonstrate its power in foreign affairs, such as the , but managed to be successful in some situations, like the .

America also expanded and added new territories through various ways, such as the and . These greatly increased the size of America.

Increasing middle class due to eventually led to the , which in turn, allowed reform movements to occur. Minority and religious groups, like slaves, women, and Quakers, flourished with new reforms.

🎥 Watch: AP US History - Period 4 Review

Timeline

1800 - , ,

1803 - Marbury v. Madison,

1808 -

1811 -

1812 -

1814 -

1815 - State of the Union Address

1817 - ,

1819 -

1820 -

1824 -

1829 -

1831 -

1837 - ,

1838 - Trail of Tears

1841 - Election of William Henry Harrison (John Tyler)

1848 -

Key Terms to Review (32)

Battle of Tippecanoe

: The Battle of Tippecanoe was a conflict in 1811 between U.S. forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison and Native American warriors associated with the Shawnee leader Tecumseh.

Democratic-Republicans

: The Democratic-Republicans were one of two main political parties during America's First Party System (1792-1824). They favored states' rights, an agrarian economy, and diplomatic alignment with France.

Democrats

: The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, originating from 1828. During the Second Party System, they were led by Andrew Jackson and favored states' rights and limited government.

Election of Andrew Jackson

: The election of Andrew Jackson in 1828 marked a turning point in American politics as it signified a shift towards greater democracy and representation for common people. It also saw an increase in voter participation due to changes in state laws regarding suffrage.

Election of James Madison

: The election of James Madison in 1808 saw him become America's fourth President. He was a key figure in drafting and promoting the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, earning him the nickname "Father of the Constitution."

Election of James Monroe

: The Election of James Monroe took place in 1816 when James Monroe was elected as fifth President Of United States. He was a Democratic-Republican and his presidency is often called the "Era of Good Feelings".

Election of John Quincy Adams

: The election of John Quincy Adams in 1824 was the 10th quadrennial presidential election. It was a highly contested race that ended with the House of Representatives deciding the outcome, as no candidate had received a majority of electoral votes.

Election of Martin Van Buren

: The election of Martin Van Buren took place in 1836, making him the eighth president of the United States. He served from 1837-1841 during which he faced significant challenges including economic recession following the Panic of 1837.

Election of Thomas Jefferson

: The election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800, also known as the "Revolution of 1800," was a significant event in American history. It marked the first peaceful transition of power between political parties (from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans) and set a precedent for future elections.

Election of William Henry Harrison (John Tyler)

: The election of 1840 where Whig candidate William Henry Harrison won the presidency. However, he died just a month into his term and was succeeded by Vice President John Tyler.

Era of Good Feelings

: The Era of Good Feelings refers to the period in American history from 1815 to 1825, when there was a sense of national purpose and unity following the War of 1812. This era saw the dominance of one political party, the Democratic-Republicans.

Federalists

: Federalists were supporters of ratification of U.S Constitution; they believed in strong central government and loose interpretation of Constitution.

First Party System

: The First Party System is a term that describes the political system in place in the United States between 1792 and 1824. It was marked by two dominant political parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans.

Gabriel’s Rebellion

: Gabriel's Rebellion was a planned slave revolt in Richmond, Virginia in 1800, led by a slave named Gabriel Prosser. The plan was discovered and suppressed before it could be carried out.

Louisiana Purchase

: The Louisiana Purchase was a land deal between the United States and France in 1803, where the U.S. acquired approximately 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million.

Marbury v. Madison

: Marbury v. Madison is a landmark Supreme Court case from 1803 that established judicial review, giving courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Market Revolution

: The Market Revolution refers to the period in 19th-century American history when an agrarian society of small producers evolved into an industrialized nation of consumers.

Mexican Cession

: The Mexican Cession is a term for the region in present-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in 1848 under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War.

Missouri Compromise

: An agreement passed by Congress in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions that regulated slavery in western territories, admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Monroe Doctrine

: The Monroe Doctrine was an American policy set forth in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.

Panic of 1819

: The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in United States history. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing.

Panic of 1837

: The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that led to an economic depression. It was triggered by a speculative fever, bank failures, and a lack of confidence in the paper currency.

Revolution of 1800

: The Revolution of 1800 refers to the presidential election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams. It marked the first peaceful transition of power between political parties (Federalists to Democratic-Republicans) in U.S history.

Second Great Awakening

: The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival movement during the early 19th century in the United States, characterized by enthusiastic preaching and widespread revival meetings.

Second Party System

: The Second Party System refers to the political framework in the United States from about 1828 to 1854, characterized by the dominance of two major parties: the Democrats and the Whigs.

Seneca Falls Convention

: The first women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in July 1848. It marked a significant step towards women's suffrage in America.

State of Union Address

: The State of Union Address is an annual speech delivered by the President to Congress, outlining his or her agenda for upcoming year and discussing national issues.

Trail Tears

: The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the United States following the Indian Removal Act of 1830. Thousands died from exposure, disease, and starvation during their journey westward.

Treaty of Ghent

: The Treaty of Ghent was a peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. It was signed on December 24, 1814 in Ghent, Belgium.

Turner’s Rebellion

: Turner's Rebellion was a slave rebellion that took place in Virginia in 1831. Led by Nat Turner, the rebellion resulted in the deaths of about 60 white people and harsher laws against slaves.

War of 1812

: The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain from June 1812 to February 1815. It was primarily over British violations of U.S. maritime rights.

Whigs

: The Whigs were an American political party active from 1833-1856 that stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements.


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© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.

AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.