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3.4 Families and Communities

8 min readjanuary 25, 2023

I

Isabela Padilha Vilela

Victoria Sokol

Victoria Sokol

I

Isabela Padilha Vilela

Victoria Sokol

Victoria Sokol

As you learned in previous guides, individuals and communities are highly interconnected. Individuals are shaped by the culture cultivated by the communities they are inserted in, and communities are shaped by the actions and beliefs of these individuals. In this guide, we will analyze how families 👩‍👩‍👦 are intertwined with these communities. In addition, we will also explore the role of art in both maintaining and disrupting the ideals of these families and communities.

Immigration

Immigration shaped the perceptions of family and community among . The process of immigration inserts individuals in a different place, with different customs and values, hence creating a culture clash. Within Spanish-speaking countries there is a great variety of traditions, which are exhibited through the Latino diaspora in the United States. The largest groups of Latinos in the United States are Mexicans 🇲🇽, Cubans 🇨🇺, El Salvadorans 🇸🇻 and Hondurans 🇭🇳.

Chicano Art

Spanish-speaking immigrants have created art in their host countries, therefore creating forms of expression that relate to their own experiences and communities. One example is , which consists of an art movement by that sought to assert their identity in the American context. Chicano artists have made meaningful contributions to contemporary art due to their personal depictions and manifestations of their identities through bright colors that incorporate Mexican indigenous roots. re-affirms their Mexican identity, as well as posing the question: "What does it mean to be latinx in the United States?" There is no definitive answer, but their art gives us some insight.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-AgDI78p0F5nG.jpeg?alt=media&token=9de6abc9-3d57-47c8-ba9b-84648689771a

¡Vamos Practicar! - Task Model

Lee los seguintes textos:

Intenta responder las preguntas:

1. Do you think that the sculpture mentioned in the text maintains or disrupts family and community values?/¿Tú crees que la escultura mencionada en el texto mantene o interrumpe valores de la familia y comunidad?

Possible Answer: La escultura definitivamente interrumpe los valores de la familia y comunidad que son tradicionales en México. Esto es porque la cultura Mexicana esta profundamente incorporada en valores cristianos de la iglesia Católica. La escultura utiliza la imagen de la de una forma polémica y generalmente esta imagen es utilizada con mucha cautela por los Cristianos.

2. What aspect of family values does this issue relate to?/ ¿Cuáles aspectos de los valores familiares este texto se refiere?

Possible answer: Esto texto se refiere a los valores religiosos de la cultura Latina. Además, también se trata sobre la história de , que fue un región dominada por las practicas de la iglesia Católica Europea. La cultura predominantemente Cristiana contribuyó para la adoración de imágenes Católicas y la exclusión de otras figuras importantes para las , como la que fue incorporada en la estructura.

How do you think art affected a community in this case?/ ¿Como tú piensas que el arte afectó la comunidad en esta situación?

Possible answer: La escultura enfatizó la rigidez de las tradiciones religiosas de las familias de México. La arte trajo la cuestión sobre como se puede utilizar las imágenes de figuras religiosas, lo que llevó la comunidad a establecer sus limites. Esta situación reveló la característica conservadora de los vecinos en Guadalajara (Jalisco) y afectó la sensibilidad de los Mexicanos en relación al uso de la religión en la arte.

How Art Records History

Long before the internet, before computers🖥️, before the printing press📰, before written language, there has been art🎨. The mediums may change, but the core concept remains. Art records history, life, and love of the time in which it was created.

Prehistoric Art

One of the earliest sets of prehistoric art recovered in recent history was the cave paintings found in the in northern 🇪🇸. The paintings depict daily life and what was valued to the people of the time. There are very clear bison and other large animals hunted by prehistoric humans and handprints. The artist used minute detail, realistic colors, and took advantage of the natural rock formations to add to the dimensionality of the subjects.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-qaPJFRSg5tPL.jpg?alt=media&token=5fb45e89-969a-487f-972a-c016a9b8c5e3

Image from Wikipedia.

Aztec Art

stretches from large stone statues to small pieces of pottery. They utilized items in their surroundings like feathers, precious gemstones 💎, and metals such as silver and gold. The largest source of inspiration for seems to come from its complex . We now know many of the stone statues were used in religious rituals because of the remnants of blood and precious gemstones💎.

The stone statues carved by Aztec artisans were huge and strong enough to endure time better than the pottery, featherwork, and intricate metalwork. Pottery cracked and crumbled, feathers flew away or rotted, and metalwork was either traded or melted to become coins💰. Some smaller artistic items discovered or preserved from the Aztec Empire show inspiration from nature and geometric shapes.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-3Fg8j5XRhraQ.jpg?alt=media&token=f22c72b2-e74d-4b73-8f24-ee8bf188ea0f

Image from Ancient History Encyclopedia.

Art in War

Why are paintings 🖼️ of war scenes important in the preservation of history? Well, consider this: how else would we remember what happened? Remember, before the internet 🖥️, before 📸, before the printing press 📰, there was paint 🎨. Paintings transcend language and can communicate more information in an instant than what can be written or spoken. As societies grow and move and struggle, art is there to help survivors or future generations understand what happened during the struggle.

For example, the image below is of the painting "3 de mayo, 1808" by Francisco Goya. It was painted to commemorate a specific military encounter on that date between the French 🇫🇷 and Spanish 🇪🇸. It depicts French soldiers (on the right), under the control of , rounding up and executing Spaniards (on the left) in the predawn darkness because the Spanish had committed an uprising the day before.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-VW16sPBTYHju.jpg?alt=media&token=4741e78d-3eff-4b34-8f0d-89c49dd3f44e

Image from Museo del Prado.

The Rulers

Paintings of rulers were normal in the time period before 📸. The purpose behind painting the royal families over and over was twofold. First, each portrait would show the members of the family at varying ages and stages of life. Second, each portrait was expensive, so owning and displaying an extensive list of portraits was a status symbol to show other royals the level of wealth and power of the family in case of current or future marriage negotiations. The unfortunate side of royal portraiture was the uncertainty of realistic representation.

Some families committed inter-family marriage and therefore inbreeding occurred. This inbreeding caused some royals, like Carlos II "El Hechizado", to have physical deformities, but the family commissioned portraits that made his jaw look less deformed than it actually was. A few notable painters gained fame by starting as a royal court painter such as and . Below is "La familia de Carlos IV" by .

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-Hq79Z7fphQDo.jpg?alt=media&token=99755ef1-5f18-42d7-87c7-7fa143b7bfc0

Image from Wikipedia.

Photography

The invention of 📸 transformed visual communication and the ability to record historical events accurately. Upon its invention and development, societies no longer had to wait days or weeks for an image to be completed. There was no longer subjectivity from the perspective 👓 of the artist. Photographs capture monumental moments in an instant. Early on in its history, was used to document historical events and serve the needs of the media 📰. has been used as evidence of both the victories and the atrocities of war.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-21fZ3hohGsFY.jpg?alt=media&token=54974fa9-f007-449e-a1eb-d044179c0edb

¡Vamos Practicar¡ - Possible Prompts on the Exam

  • ¿Qué tipo de eventos o lugares acercan a las personas a una experiencia con el rate?

    • En muchas partes del mundo las personas aprecian el arte de muchas maneras. Por ejemplo en Madrid, hay un barrio dedicado al aprecio del arte. La parada del Metro cercana se llama "estación del arte" porque hay tanto arte en la cercanía. Hay unos museos famosos en el barrio como El y El Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Es fácil para ambos los ciudadanos y los turistas ver el arte porque está alrededor. También en Madrid, hay una feria de arte contemporáneo cada año. Los artistas preparan una obra de arte para presentar y los espectadores vienen a ver el arte y a veces interactuar con el arte. Esta feria dura casi una semana para que los apasionados puedan acercarse y ver todas las obras posibles. Además de simplemente colgar las obras en una galería, la feria tiene actividades como charlas y mesas redondas para hablar con los artistas y otras personas interesadas.

  • ¿Cómo valoran las comunidades la belleza y el rate?

    • Cuando una sociedad ha logrado todas las necesidades básicas puede crear arte. Una organización con el propósito de conservar y valorar lugares con valor cultural es la UNESCO. Esta parte de las Naciones Unidas quiere conservar lugares como , el alcázar construido por los moros durante el siglo X. La arquitectura y el arte usado para construir los edificios dentro de los muros del alcázar son muy elaborados. En hay más de 40 sitios protegidos por la UNESCO por su importancia cultural en el mundo. Otro ejemplo importante para notar en que las comunidades valoran el arte es El . Este museo de arte contiene obras maestras de pintores famosos como y .

  • ¿Cómo se usa el arte para documentar la historian?

    • El arte ha durado tan largo como las sociedades han existido. Hay muchos ejemplos de cómo las comunidades han usado el arte para documentar la historia. Primero, unos tipos de arte han permanecido mejores que otros. En México, las estatuas de piedra de los aztecas todavía están firmas. Nos enseñan de cómo era la vida de los aztecas y de que valoraban en su cumbre. Además de las estatuas los aztecas hacían artesanías de cerámica y arte con metales grabados y piedras preciosas con la fuente de inspiración en la naturaleza o sus creencias religiosas. Su arte era una manera de documentar muchos de sus pensamientos religiosos y cómo practicaban sus ritos religiosos.

  • ¿Cómo el arte desafía y a la vez refleja las perspectivas culturales?

    • La belleza está en los ojos del que mira. El arte puede ser un reflejo o puede desafiar las perspectivas culturales del artista o los espectadores. En el caso de desafiar, la música es un buen ejemplo. Los cantantes tienen la capacidad de difundir un mensaje profundo a muchas personas por su fama. Bandas como o Maná usan su fama y música para difundir mensajes en contra del gobierno y en favor de preservación. Maná ha logrado crear una organización sin fines de lucro para ayudar salvar la selva y las letras de muchas de sus canciones apoyan su propósito. En el caso de reflejar, los grafiteros y muralistas han hecho mucho para promover temas culturales en los barrios desde Chile a Los Ángeles, California. Los murales muestran reflejos de los artistas, de las tribus indígenas, y de los movimientos para los derechos de todos.

Key Terms to Review (22)

"La familia de Carlos IV"

: "La familia de Carlos IV" (The Family of Charles IV) is a famous portrait painting created by Francisco de Goya in 1800. It depicts the Spanish royal family at the time, showcasing their physical appearances as well as their complex relationships.

Altamira cave system

: The Altamira cave system refers to a complex of caves located in northern Spain that contain prehistoric rock art. These paintings, created by early humans thousands of years ago, depict animals and other scenes.

América Latina

: América Latina se refiere a la región de América que comprende los países de habla española y portuguesa en el continente. Incluye países como México, Brasil, Argentina y muchos otros.

Aztec art

: Aztec art refers to artistic expressions created by the Aztecs during their civilization in Mesoamerica (present-day Mexico) between the 14th and 16th centuries. It encompasses various forms such as sculpture, pottery, and codices.

Calle 13

: Calle 13 is a Puerto Rican band known for their socially conscious lyrics that address political issues such as poverty, inequality, and corruption. They blend various musical genres including reggaeton, hip-hop, rock, salsa to create their unique sound.

Carlos II "El Hechizado"

: Carlos II, also known as "El Hechizado" (The Bewitched), was the last Habsburg king of Spain. He suffered from physical and mental disabilities, which contributed to the decline of Spanish power.

Chicano Art

: Chicano Art refers to artwork created by Mexican Americans in the United States. It often reflects themes related to Mexican culture, history, social issues, and the experiences of Mexican Americans living in the U.S.

Culturas indígenas

: Las culturas indígenas son las comunidades nativas que han habitado un territorio antes de la llegada de colonizadores o inmigrantes. Estas culturas tienen sus propias tradiciones, lenguajes y formas de vida únicas.

Diego Velázquez

: Diego Velázquez was a renowned Spanish painter during the Golden Age. His works often depicted members of royalty, nobility, and common people with great detail and realism.

Diosa Coatlicue

: La Diosa Coatlicue es una deidad importante en la mitología azteca. Es representada como una diosa madre con múltiples brazos y piernas, y lleva un collar hecho de manos, corazones y cráneos.

El Greco

: El Greco was a Greek painter who became famous for his unique style during the Spanish Renaissance. His paintings are known for their elongated figures, vibrant colors, and dramatic lighting effects.

España

: España is the Spanish name for Spain, a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and contributions to art and literature.

Francisco de Goya

: Francisco de Goya was a Spanish painter and printmaker known for his ability to capture the essence of human emotion in his artwork. His works often depicted social and political commentary, making him one of the most important artists of the Romantic period.

La Alhambra

: La Alhambra is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Spain. It was built during the Moorish rule of the Iberian Peninsula and is known for its stunning Islamic architecture and intricate decorations.

Latinx communities

: Latinx communities refer to groups of people who identify as Latino or Latina, but also recognize and include individuals who are non-binary or gender non-conforming. It is a term that promotes inclusivity and acknowledges the diversity within the Latino community.

Maná

: Maná is a Mexican rock band known for their fusion of rock, pop, and Latin sounds. They have achieved international success with their powerful lyrics and energetic performances.

Mexican Americans

: Mexican Americans are individuals who have Mexican ancestry but were born or live in the United States. They often have a unique blend of Mexican traditions and American culture in their daily lives.

Museo Nacional del Prado

: The Museo Nacional del Prado is a renowned art museum located in Madrid, Spain. It houses an extensive collection of European paintings from the 12th to the 20th century.

Napoleon Bonaparte

: Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution. He became Emperor of the French and had a significant impact on European history.

Photography

: Photography is the art and practice of capturing and preserving images using light-sensitive materials or digital sensors. It allows us to freeze moments in time, document events, and express our creativity through visual storytelling.

Polytheistic religious system

: A polytheistic religious system is a belief system that worships multiple gods or deities. It is characterized by the belief in and worship of various gods who have different roles and powers.

Virgen de Guadalupe

: The Virgen de Guadalupe refers to the iconic image of the Virgin Mary that is highly venerated in Mexico. According to tradition, she appeared to Juan Diego in 1531 and has since become a symbol of Mexican identity and Catholic faith.

3.4 Families and Communities

8 min readjanuary 25, 2023

I

Isabela Padilha Vilela

Victoria Sokol

Victoria Sokol

I

Isabela Padilha Vilela

Victoria Sokol

Victoria Sokol

As you learned in previous guides, individuals and communities are highly interconnected. Individuals are shaped by the culture cultivated by the communities they are inserted in, and communities are shaped by the actions and beliefs of these individuals. In this guide, we will analyze how families 👩‍👩‍👦 are intertwined with these communities. In addition, we will also explore the role of art in both maintaining and disrupting the ideals of these families and communities.

Immigration

Immigration shaped the perceptions of family and community among . The process of immigration inserts individuals in a different place, with different customs and values, hence creating a culture clash. Within Spanish-speaking countries there is a great variety of traditions, which are exhibited through the Latino diaspora in the United States. The largest groups of Latinos in the United States are Mexicans 🇲🇽, Cubans 🇨🇺, El Salvadorans 🇸🇻 and Hondurans 🇭🇳.

Chicano Art

Spanish-speaking immigrants have created art in their host countries, therefore creating forms of expression that relate to their own experiences and communities. One example is , which consists of an art movement by that sought to assert their identity in the American context. Chicano artists have made meaningful contributions to contemporary art due to their personal depictions and manifestations of their identities through bright colors that incorporate Mexican indigenous roots. re-affirms their Mexican identity, as well as posing the question: "What does it mean to be latinx in the United States?" There is no definitive answer, but their art gives us some insight.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-AgDI78p0F5nG.jpeg?alt=media&token=9de6abc9-3d57-47c8-ba9b-84648689771a

¡Vamos Practicar! - Task Model

Lee los seguintes textos:

Intenta responder las preguntas:

1. Do you think that the sculpture mentioned in the text maintains or disrupts family and community values?/¿Tú crees que la escultura mencionada en el texto mantene o interrumpe valores de la familia y comunidad?

Possible Answer: La escultura definitivamente interrumpe los valores de la familia y comunidad que son tradicionales en México. Esto es porque la cultura Mexicana esta profundamente incorporada en valores cristianos de la iglesia Católica. La escultura utiliza la imagen de la de una forma polémica y generalmente esta imagen es utilizada con mucha cautela por los Cristianos.

2. What aspect of family values does this issue relate to?/ ¿Cuáles aspectos de los valores familiares este texto se refiere?

Possible answer: Esto texto se refiere a los valores religiosos de la cultura Latina. Además, también se trata sobre la história de , que fue un región dominada por las practicas de la iglesia Católica Europea. La cultura predominantemente Cristiana contribuyó para la adoración de imágenes Católicas y la exclusión de otras figuras importantes para las , como la que fue incorporada en la estructura.

How do you think art affected a community in this case?/ ¿Como tú piensas que el arte afectó la comunidad en esta situación?

Possible answer: La escultura enfatizó la rigidez de las tradiciones religiosas de las familias de México. La arte trajo la cuestión sobre como se puede utilizar las imágenes de figuras religiosas, lo que llevó la comunidad a establecer sus limites. Esta situación reveló la característica conservadora de los vecinos en Guadalajara (Jalisco) y afectó la sensibilidad de los Mexicanos en relación al uso de la religión en la arte.

How Art Records History

Long before the internet, before computers🖥️, before the printing press📰, before written language, there has been art🎨. The mediums may change, but the core concept remains. Art records history, life, and love of the time in which it was created.

Prehistoric Art

One of the earliest sets of prehistoric art recovered in recent history was the cave paintings found in the in northern 🇪🇸. The paintings depict daily life and what was valued to the people of the time. There are very clear bison and other large animals hunted by prehistoric humans and handprints. The artist used minute detail, realistic colors, and took advantage of the natural rock formations to add to the dimensionality of the subjects.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-qaPJFRSg5tPL.jpg?alt=media&token=5fb45e89-969a-487f-972a-c016a9b8c5e3

Image from Wikipedia.

Aztec Art

stretches from large stone statues to small pieces of pottery. They utilized items in their surroundings like feathers, precious gemstones 💎, and metals such as silver and gold. The largest source of inspiration for seems to come from its complex . We now know many of the stone statues were used in religious rituals because of the remnants of blood and precious gemstones💎.

The stone statues carved by Aztec artisans were huge and strong enough to endure time better than the pottery, featherwork, and intricate metalwork. Pottery cracked and crumbled, feathers flew away or rotted, and metalwork was either traded or melted to become coins💰. Some smaller artistic items discovered or preserved from the Aztec Empire show inspiration from nature and geometric shapes.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-3Fg8j5XRhraQ.jpg?alt=media&token=f22c72b2-e74d-4b73-8f24-ee8bf188ea0f

Image from Ancient History Encyclopedia.

Art in War

Why are paintings 🖼️ of war scenes important in the preservation of history? Well, consider this: how else would we remember what happened? Remember, before the internet 🖥️, before 📸, before the printing press 📰, there was paint 🎨. Paintings transcend language and can communicate more information in an instant than what can be written or spoken. As societies grow and move and struggle, art is there to help survivors or future generations understand what happened during the struggle.

For example, the image below is of the painting "3 de mayo, 1808" by Francisco Goya. It was painted to commemorate a specific military encounter on that date between the French 🇫🇷 and Spanish 🇪🇸. It depicts French soldiers (on the right), under the control of , rounding up and executing Spaniards (on the left) in the predawn darkness because the Spanish had committed an uprising the day before.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-VW16sPBTYHju.jpg?alt=media&token=4741e78d-3eff-4b34-8f0d-89c49dd3f44e

Image from Museo del Prado.

The Rulers

Paintings of rulers were normal in the time period before 📸. The purpose behind painting the royal families over and over was twofold. First, each portrait would show the members of the family at varying ages and stages of life. Second, each portrait was expensive, so owning and displaying an extensive list of portraits was a status symbol to show other royals the level of wealth and power of the family in case of current or future marriage negotiations. The unfortunate side of royal portraiture was the uncertainty of realistic representation.

Some families committed inter-family marriage and therefore inbreeding occurred. This inbreeding caused some royals, like Carlos II "El Hechizado", to have physical deformities, but the family commissioned portraits that made his jaw look less deformed than it actually was. A few notable painters gained fame by starting as a royal court painter such as and . Below is "La familia de Carlos IV" by .

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-Hq79Z7fphQDo.jpg?alt=media&token=99755ef1-5f18-42d7-87c7-7fa143b7bfc0

Image from Wikipedia.

Photography

The invention of 📸 transformed visual communication and the ability to record historical events accurately. Upon its invention and development, societies no longer had to wait days or weeks for an image to be completed. There was no longer subjectivity from the perspective 👓 of the artist. Photographs capture monumental moments in an instant. Early on in its history, was used to document historical events and serve the needs of the media 📰. has been used as evidence of both the victories and the atrocities of war.

https://firebasestorage.googleapis.com/v0/b/fiveable-92889.appspot.com/o/images%2F-21fZ3hohGsFY.jpg?alt=media&token=54974fa9-f007-449e-a1eb-d044179c0edb

¡Vamos Practicar¡ - Possible Prompts on the Exam

  • ¿Qué tipo de eventos o lugares acercan a las personas a una experiencia con el rate?

    • En muchas partes del mundo las personas aprecian el arte de muchas maneras. Por ejemplo en Madrid, hay un barrio dedicado al aprecio del arte. La parada del Metro cercana se llama "estación del arte" porque hay tanto arte en la cercanía. Hay unos museos famosos en el barrio como El y El Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Es fácil para ambos los ciudadanos y los turistas ver el arte porque está alrededor. También en Madrid, hay una feria de arte contemporáneo cada año. Los artistas preparan una obra de arte para presentar y los espectadores vienen a ver el arte y a veces interactuar con el arte. Esta feria dura casi una semana para que los apasionados puedan acercarse y ver todas las obras posibles. Además de simplemente colgar las obras en una galería, la feria tiene actividades como charlas y mesas redondas para hablar con los artistas y otras personas interesadas.

  • ¿Cómo valoran las comunidades la belleza y el rate?

    • Cuando una sociedad ha logrado todas las necesidades básicas puede crear arte. Una organización con el propósito de conservar y valorar lugares con valor cultural es la UNESCO. Esta parte de las Naciones Unidas quiere conservar lugares como , el alcázar construido por los moros durante el siglo X. La arquitectura y el arte usado para construir los edificios dentro de los muros del alcázar son muy elaborados. En hay más de 40 sitios protegidos por la UNESCO por su importancia cultural en el mundo. Otro ejemplo importante para notar en que las comunidades valoran el arte es El . Este museo de arte contiene obras maestras de pintores famosos como y .

  • ¿Cómo se usa el arte para documentar la historian?

    • El arte ha durado tan largo como las sociedades han existido. Hay muchos ejemplos de cómo las comunidades han usado el arte para documentar la historia. Primero, unos tipos de arte han permanecido mejores que otros. En México, las estatuas de piedra de los aztecas todavía están firmas. Nos enseñan de cómo era la vida de los aztecas y de que valoraban en su cumbre. Además de las estatuas los aztecas hacían artesanías de cerámica y arte con metales grabados y piedras preciosas con la fuente de inspiración en la naturaleza o sus creencias religiosas. Su arte era una manera de documentar muchos de sus pensamientos religiosos y cómo practicaban sus ritos religiosos.

  • ¿Cómo el arte desafía y a la vez refleja las perspectivas culturales?

    • La belleza está en los ojos del que mira. El arte puede ser un reflejo o puede desafiar las perspectivas culturales del artista o los espectadores. En el caso de desafiar, la música es un buen ejemplo. Los cantantes tienen la capacidad de difundir un mensaje profundo a muchas personas por su fama. Bandas como o Maná usan su fama y música para difundir mensajes en contra del gobierno y en favor de preservación. Maná ha logrado crear una organización sin fines de lucro para ayudar salvar la selva y las letras de muchas de sus canciones apoyan su propósito. En el caso de reflejar, los grafiteros y muralistas han hecho mucho para promover temas culturales en los barrios desde Chile a Los Ángeles, California. Los murales muestran reflejos de los artistas, de las tribus indígenas, y de los movimientos para los derechos de todos.

Key Terms to Review (22)

"La familia de Carlos IV"

: "La familia de Carlos IV" (The Family of Charles IV) is a famous portrait painting created by Francisco de Goya in 1800. It depicts the Spanish royal family at the time, showcasing their physical appearances as well as their complex relationships.

Altamira cave system

: The Altamira cave system refers to a complex of caves located in northern Spain that contain prehistoric rock art. These paintings, created by early humans thousands of years ago, depict animals and other scenes.

América Latina

: América Latina se refiere a la región de América que comprende los países de habla española y portuguesa en el continente. Incluye países como México, Brasil, Argentina y muchos otros.

Aztec art

: Aztec art refers to artistic expressions created by the Aztecs during their civilization in Mesoamerica (present-day Mexico) between the 14th and 16th centuries. It encompasses various forms such as sculpture, pottery, and codices.

Calle 13

: Calle 13 is a Puerto Rican band known for their socially conscious lyrics that address political issues such as poverty, inequality, and corruption. They blend various musical genres including reggaeton, hip-hop, rock, salsa to create their unique sound.

Carlos II "El Hechizado"

: Carlos II, also known as "El Hechizado" (The Bewitched), was the last Habsburg king of Spain. He suffered from physical and mental disabilities, which contributed to the decline of Spanish power.

Chicano Art

: Chicano Art refers to artwork created by Mexican Americans in the United States. It often reflects themes related to Mexican culture, history, social issues, and the experiences of Mexican Americans living in the U.S.

Culturas indígenas

: Las culturas indígenas son las comunidades nativas que han habitado un territorio antes de la llegada de colonizadores o inmigrantes. Estas culturas tienen sus propias tradiciones, lenguajes y formas de vida únicas.

Diego Velázquez

: Diego Velázquez was a renowned Spanish painter during the Golden Age. His works often depicted members of royalty, nobility, and common people with great detail and realism.

Diosa Coatlicue

: La Diosa Coatlicue es una deidad importante en la mitología azteca. Es representada como una diosa madre con múltiples brazos y piernas, y lleva un collar hecho de manos, corazones y cráneos.

El Greco

: El Greco was a Greek painter who became famous for his unique style during the Spanish Renaissance. His paintings are known for their elongated figures, vibrant colors, and dramatic lighting effects.

España

: España is the Spanish name for Spain, a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is known for its rich history, diverse culture, and contributions to art and literature.

Francisco de Goya

: Francisco de Goya was a Spanish painter and printmaker known for his ability to capture the essence of human emotion in his artwork. His works often depicted social and political commentary, making him one of the most important artists of the Romantic period.

La Alhambra

: La Alhambra is a palace and fortress complex located in Granada, Spain. It was built during the Moorish rule of the Iberian Peninsula and is known for its stunning Islamic architecture and intricate decorations.

Latinx communities

: Latinx communities refer to groups of people who identify as Latino or Latina, but also recognize and include individuals who are non-binary or gender non-conforming. It is a term that promotes inclusivity and acknowledges the diversity within the Latino community.

Maná

: Maná is a Mexican rock band known for their fusion of rock, pop, and Latin sounds. They have achieved international success with their powerful lyrics and energetic performances.

Mexican Americans

: Mexican Americans are individuals who have Mexican ancestry but were born or live in the United States. They often have a unique blend of Mexican traditions and American culture in their daily lives.

Museo Nacional del Prado

: The Museo Nacional del Prado is a renowned art museum located in Madrid, Spain. It houses an extensive collection of European paintings from the 12th to the 20th century.

Napoleon Bonaparte

: Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution. He became Emperor of the French and had a significant impact on European history.

Photography

: Photography is the art and practice of capturing and preserving images using light-sensitive materials or digital sensors. It allows us to freeze moments in time, document events, and express our creativity through visual storytelling.

Polytheistic religious system

: A polytheistic religious system is a belief system that worships multiple gods or deities. It is characterized by the belief in and worship of various gods who have different roles and powers.

Virgen de Guadalupe

: The Virgen de Guadalupe refers to the iconic image of the Virgin Mary that is highly venerated in Mexico. According to tradition, she appeared to Juan Diego in 1531 and has since become a symbol of Mexican identity and Catholic faith.


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© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.

AP® and SAT® are trademarks registered by the College Board, which is not affiliated with, and does not endorse this website.