--- title: "AP Physics 1 Representations FRQ Practice" description: "59 Translation Between Representations questions written in the AP format, each scored part by part." canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-physics-1-revised/frqs/translation-between-representations" type: "frq-type-practice" subject: "AP Physics 1" --- # AP Physics 1 Representations FRQ Practice ## What the Representations FRQ asks The Translation Between Representations (TBR) question is FRQ 2 on the AP Physics 1 exam. You describe one scenario with a diagram or chart, a derivation, and a graph, then indicate a result and justify it using those representations. - **25–30 min**: suggested on the exam - **12 points**: across parts A to D - **95 min**: for all four FRQs | Part | What it asks | Points | | --- | --- | --- | | A: Representation | A diagram, bar chart, or graph of the scenario | 3 | | B: Derivation | An expression derived from a fundamental principle | 4 | | C: Graph | Sketch how one quantity changes with another | 3 | | D: Connection | Indicate a result and justify it with your earlier parts | 2 | ## How Representations FRQ practice works 1. **Read the full question.** The scenario, its figures, and all four parts, A through D, laid out the way the exam shows them. 2. **Write on a 27-minute timer.** Inside the 25 to 30 minutes the exam suggests for this question. Pause it or turn it off, and your response saves as you go. 3. **Submit for a score out of 12.** Your response is scored against the scoring guidelines written for that question. Your first score is included. ## All 59 questions ### Unit 1: Kinematics (13) - [Projectile motion velocity components and range](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=6977e1e8c85fd165a6d493b7&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Cart motion with constant acceleration kinematics](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698a9e477c0d49fedeed56e2&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Puck motion on frictionless air table](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698a9fa87c0d49fedeed56f0&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Projectile motion velocity components and relative velocity](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa0dd7c0d49fedeed56f8&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Velocity vectors across inertial reference frames](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa25d7c0d49fedeed5705&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Relative velocity transformations between reference frames](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa3e57c0d49fedeed5712&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Cart motion, velocity, and acceleration analysis](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa4af7c0d49fedeed571c&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Ball motion kinematics in reference frames](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa5db7c0d49fedeed5726&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Projectile motion: velocity components and kinematics](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aaafb7c0d49fedeed5743&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Constant acceleration kinematics and reference frame transformations](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aacb77c0d49fedeed574c&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Projectile motion velocity components and landing time](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab17d7c0d49fedeed5760&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Cart motion analysis: position, velocity, reference frames](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab3e87c0d49fedeed576b&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Cart motion vectors and displacement analysis](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab5577c0d49fedeed5770&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ### Unit 2: Force and Translational Dynamics (8) - [Pulley system with connected blocks and tension forces](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698a9f2a7c0d49fedeed56eb&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Forces on sliding crate with friction](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa5197c0d49fedeed5720&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Contact forces between accelerating blocks in contact](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa5f37c0d49fedeed5728&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Forces on contact blocks in horizontal motion](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa6fc7c0d49fedeed572c&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Circular motion forces and tension derivation](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aab247c0d49fedeed5745&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Friction force transition with angled applied force](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aac777c0d49fedeed574b&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Circular motion, tension, friction on rotating turntable](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aaf0c7c0d49fedeed5756&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Circular motion with tension and kinetic friction forces](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab1c27c0d49fedeed5762&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ### Unit 3: Work, Energy, and Power (2) - [Energy conservation with spring compression on incline](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698a9e917c0d49fedeed56e5&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Energy conservation in spring-mass system](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698abbdd7c0d49fedeed5784&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ### Unit 4: Linear Momentum (9) - [Momentum conservation in two-cart collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698a9e457c0d49fedeed56e1&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Momentum conservation in two-cart collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa38b7c0d49fedeed570e&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Momentum conservation in two-cart collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa48e7c0d49fedeed5719&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Momentum conservation in two-cart collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa70a7c0d49fedeed572e&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Elastic collision momentum conservation and kinematics](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa8367c0d49fedeed5734&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Momentum conservation and impulse in a two-cart collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aabd97c0d49fedeed5748&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Momentum conservation in two-cart collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab2127c0d49fedeed5763&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Momentum conservation in inelastic collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab7b37c0d49fedeed577c&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Momentum conservation in inelastic collision](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab92d7c0d49fedeed5781&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ### Unit 5: Torque and Rotational Dynamics (5) - [Rotational dynamics, torque, angular acceleration](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698a9eae7c0d49fedeed56e8&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Torque and angular acceleration of unwinding disk pulley](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa76f7c0d49fedeed5732&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Rotating disk angular velocity and linear speed](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab32c7c0d49fedeed5768&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Rotational dynamics of hinged door system](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab5d87c0d49fedeed5775&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Rotational dynamics and angular acceleration of disk](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab7b87c0d49fedeed577d&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ### Unit 6: Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems (1) - [Rotational dynamics of horizontal bar torques](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698a9fea7c0d49fedeed56f2&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ### Unit 7: Oscillations (17) - [Oscillating block energy transformations and maximum velocity](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=6977e5abc5ddd24d1120ed9e&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring-mass system energy conservation and oscillation](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa2dd7c0d49fedeed570b&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Block-spring system energy conservation](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa4737c0d49fedeed5718&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Oscillating spring block energy conservation](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aa5be7c0d49fedeed5723&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring-mass system energy transformations](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aac4c7c0d49fedeed574a&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring-mass oscillation energy conservation](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aadf87c0d49fedeed5751&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring-mass system energy conservation and oscillation](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aaf5f7c0d49fedeed5757&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring-mass system energy distribution](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab42d7c0d49fedeed576c&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Simple harmonic motion energy conservation and transformations](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab5927c0d49fedeed5773&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Kinetic and spring potential energy conservation](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab7457c0d49fedeed577a&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Simple harmonic motion energy transformations](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ab9017c0d49fedeed5780&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Simple harmonic motion energy conservation in spring systems](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698aba817c0d49fedeed5783&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Energy transformations in simple harmonic motion](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698abc557c0d49fedeed5785&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring oscillation kinetic and potential energy](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698abfc47c0d49fedeed5788&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Energy conservation in simple harmonic motion](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ac1747c0d49fedeed578a&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring oscillation kinetic and potential energy](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ac2f37c0d49fedeed578c&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Spring oscillator kinetic and elastic potential energy](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ac4bc7c0d49fedeed578d&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ### Unit 8: Fluids (4) - [Fluid pressure and velocity in converging pipe flow](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698abe1c7c0d49fedeed5786&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Fluid pressure and velocity in narrowing pipes](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698abf7c7c0d49fedeed5787&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Fluid flow, pressure, and kinetic energy density](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698ac0ae7c0d49fedeed5789&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) - [Fluid pressure and velocity in narrowing pipe](/ap-physics-1-revised/frq-practice?id=698acbcd7c0d49fedeed5791&type=frq-2-translation-between-representations) ## Sample question **Projectile motion velocity components and range** A drone of mass m = 1.2 kg is flying horizontally at a constant speed v₀ = 8.0 m/s at a height h = 45 m above level ground. Figure 1: Type: multi_instant_diagram Caption: Figure 1. Package released from drone URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fig1.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: A Figure 2: Type: graph_axes Caption: Figure 2. Package velocity components URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fix1_fig2.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: A Part A (3 points): Prompt: In Figure 2, **sketch** and **label** graphs of the horizontal velocity component vₓ and the vertical velocity component vᵧ of the package as functions of time from t = 0 s to t = 3.0 s. Clearly indicate the value of each component at t = 0 s and at t = 3.0 s. Use g = 10 m/s² for any necessary calculations. Context: The motion of the package can be analyzed using its horizontal and vertical velocity components. Verb: sketch Part B (4 points): Prompt: Starting with fundamental kinematic equations, **derive** an expression for the horizontal distance d that the package travels from the instant of release until it reaches the ground. Express your answer in terms of v₀, h, g, and physical constants, as appropriate. Begin your derivation by writing a fundamental physics principle or an equation from the reference information. Context: The horizontal distance traveled by the package from release until it reaches the ground can be determined using kinematic principles. Verb: derive Figure 3: Type: graph_axes Caption: Figure 3. Package acceleration components URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fix1_fig3.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: C Part C (3 points): Context: The acceleration of the package during its flight can be represented using horizontal and vertical components. Verb: sketch i. In Figure 3, **sketch** and **label** a graph of the horizontal acceleration component aₓ of the package as a function of time from t = 0 s to t = 3.0 s. Clearly indicate the value at t = 0 s. (1 pt) Verb: sketch ii. In Figure 3, **sketch** and **label** a graph of the vertical acceleration component aᵧ of the package as a function of time from t = 0 s to t = 3.0 s. Clearly indicate the value at t = 0 s. (2 pt) Verb: sketch Figure 4: Type: single_diagram Caption: Figure 4. Observer measuring package motion URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fig4.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: D Part D (2 points): Prompt: **Indicate** whether the magnitude of the total acceleration of the package as measured by Observer A (stationary on the ground) is greater than, less than, or equal to the magnitude of the total acceleration of the package as measured by an observer in the drone's reference frame. ______ |a_ground| > |a_drone| ______ |a_ground| < |a_drone| ______ |a_ground| = |a_drone| **Justify** your answer by describing how the acceleration of the package is related to the reference frame of measurement and how your response is consistent with the acceleration graphs you sketched in part C. Context: Figure 4 shows Observer A standing on the ground at the location where the package lands. The drone continues moving horizontally at constant velocity v₀ = 8.0 m/s throughout the package's flight. Verb: indicate and justify Image URLs (4): - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fig1.jpg - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fix1_fig2.jpg - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fix1_fig3.jpg - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-physics-1-revised/c5bca57c-ac5f-4005-9dc0-be8a65c06cdf_fig4.jpg ## Questions **How many responses can I get scored?** You can read every question without a plan. Your first scored response is included. A plan unlocks unlimited scoring. **How do I draw the diagrams and graphs?** Open the drawing tool in the editor and draw them there. You can also switch to handwrite and add a photo of your page. **How is the TBR different from the Mathematical Routines question?** Both include a derivation. The TBR asks for two representations, a diagram or chart and a graph, and a final part that ties them together. It’s worth 12 points instead of 10. **How do I type equations and symbols?** Use the subscript, superscript, and special-character buttons in the editor toolbar. Or write your derivation on paper, switch to handwrite, and add a photo. **Are these real College Board questions?** No. We wrote them in the AP format, with the same four parts, and wrote scoring guidelines for each one. ## Related - [Representations FRQ exam guide](/ap-physics-1-revised/ap-physics-1-exam/ap-physics-1-ap-phys-1-frq-translation-between-representations/study-guide/ap-physics-1-ap-phys-1-frq-translation-between-representations) - [AP Physics 1 Mathematical Routines FRQ practice](/ap-physics-1-revised/frqs/mathematical-routines) - [AP Physics 1 Experimental Design FRQ practice](/ap-physics-1-revised/frqs/experimental-design) - [AP Physics 1 Qualitative/Quantitative FRQ practice](/ap-physics-1-revised/frqs/qualitative-quantitative-translation) - [AP Physics 1 FRQs](/ap-physics-1-revised/frqs) - Any question by id: the `get_frq` tool on the [Fiveable MCP server](/mcp/docs) ## About This Document Canonical Fiveable pages are available as Markdown at the same path plus `.md`. - [llms.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms.txt): index of Fiveable's sections and URL patterns - [llms-full.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms-full.txt): complete subject and unit listing - [MCP server](https://fiveable.me/mcp): call Fiveable as tools instead of fetching pages (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp`) - [MCP server for AP teachers](https://fiveable.me/mcp/teachers): a teacher's classes, assignments and AP-rubric grading (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp/teacher`)