---
title: "Leading Tone Resolution — AP Music Theory Definition"
description: "Leading tone resolution is scale degree 7 moving up a half step to tonic. It powers V-I cadences and is a graded voice-leading rule on AP part-writing FRQs."
canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-music-theory/key-terms/leading-tone-resolution"
type: "key-term"
subject: "AP Music Theory"
---

# Leading Tone Resolution — AP Music Theory Definition

## Definition

Leading tone resolution refers to the tendency of the seventh scale degree, known as the leading tone, to resolve upward by a half step to the tonic note of the scale. This resolution creates a strong sense of direction and fulfillment within harmonic progressions, often leading to cadences that establish tonality. The importance of this concept is highlighted in its role in establishing harmonic function and voice leading techniques.

## Related Study Guides

- [Unit 7 Overview: Harmony and Voice Leading IV (Secondary Function)](/ap-music-theory/unit-7/review/study-guide/42TNmGXBHHWNcjp2LvMG)

## Review

### Related Terms

- [Tonic](/ap-music-theory/key-terms/tonic): The tonic is the first note of a scale and serves as the home base or focal point of tonal music.
- [Cadence](/ap-music-theory/key-terms/cadence): A cadence is a melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of resolution at the end of a phrase.
- Harmonic Function: Harmonic function describes the role that a chord plays within a key, often categorized into tonic, dominant, and subdominant functions.

### Key Facts

- The leading tone is the seventh scale degree in a major or harmonic minor scale, often notated as '7'.
- When resolving, the leading tone typically moves up to the tonic, creating a strong pull towards resolution.
- In dominant seventh chords, the leading tone is often part of the chord and reinforces the resolution to the tonic.
- Voice leading principles emphasize smooth movement between notes, and leading tone resolution adheres to these principles by guiding voices effectively.
- Leading tone resolution is essential for creating tension and release in music, forming a foundational element in classical and contemporary harmonic practices.

### How does leading tone resolution contribute to establishing tonality in a piece of music?

Leading tone resolution plays a crucial role in establishing tonality by creating a sense of direction towards the tonic. When the seventh scale degree resolves upward to the tonic, it reinforces the key center and provides closure to musical phrases. This upward motion not only helps define the tonal landscape but also enhances listeners' expectations, guiding them through harmonic progressions.

### Discuss how voice leading principles apply to leading tone resolution within harmonic progressions.

Voice leading principles emphasize smooth transitions between notes in a harmonic context. In leading tone resolution, this principle is evident as the seventh scale degree typically resolves upward to the tonic. This movement minimizes the distance between notes for each voice, creating a seamless flow and reinforcing structural coherence within the progression. Proper voice leading ensures that resolutions sound natural and satisfying.

### Evaluate how understanding leading tone resolution can enhance compositional techniques in both classical and contemporary music.

Understanding leading tone resolution allows composers to manipulate tension and release effectively, making their music more engaging. In classical compositions, leveraging this concept helps establish clear tonal centers and resolves dissonance in structured ways. Contemporary music can also benefit from these principles, as they provide a foundation for creating compelling progressions that resonate emotionally with audiences. By thoughtfully employing leading tones and their resolutions, composers can enrich their harmonic language and enhance overall musical expression.