--- title: "AP Microeconomics Long FRQ Practice" description: "101 Long FRQ (Question 1)s written in the AP format, each scored part by part." canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-micro/frqs/long-frq" type: "frq-type-practice" subject: "AP Microeconomics" --- # AP Microeconomics Long FRQ Practice ## What the Long FRQ asks The long FRQ is FRQ 1 on the AP Microeconomics exam. It sets up one market, changes something like a price control or a cost, and asks you to graph, calculate, and explain what follows, often into a related market. - **25 min**: suggested writing time - **10 points**: usually across parts A to E - **50%**: of your FRQ section score | Part | What it asks | Points | | --- | --- | --- | | A: Graph | A correctly labeled graph, with the key curves and values marked | 4 | | B: Analysis | Explain or calculate one result from your graph | 1 | | C: A change | Show a change on the graph and explain its effect | 2 | | D: Effect | Identify or explain one outcome of the change | 1 | | E: Extension | A calculation with the work shown, or an effect in a related market | 2 | ## How Long FRQ practice works 1. **Read the full question.** The scenario, any data or tables, and every part, laid out the way the exam shows them. 2. **Write on a 25-minute timer.** The time to plan for on exam day. Pause it or turn it off, and your response saves as you go. 3. **Submit for a score out of 10.** Your response is scored against the scoring guidelines written for that question. Your first score is included. ## All 101 questions ### Unit 1: Basic Economic Concepts (19) - [Production possibilities and opportunity cost analysis](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714ece0348173ef3023db0&type=frq-1-long) - [Production possibilities and opportunity cost in Ashland](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714f5b0348173ef3023dbb&type=frq-1-long) - [Production possibilities and mutually beneficial trade terms](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6971501b0348173ef3023dcd&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and production possibilities curves](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698637c2f157a20a002dd31e&type=frq-1-long) - [Solar panels and wind turbines production tradeoff](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698637eaf157a20a002dd323&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and international trade specialization](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863827f157a20a002dd329&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and production possibilities curves](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6986385cf157a20a002dd32e&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and production possibilities curves](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6986388ef157a20a002dd333&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage, opportunity cost, production possibilities](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698638c1f157a20a002dd33a&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage in radio and television production](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698638f8f157a20a002dd340&type=frq-1-long) - [Production possibilities curve with unequal resource adaptability](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6986392ef157a20a002dd345&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and production possibilities curves](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863a31f157a20a002dd35f&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and opportunity costs](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863a64f157a20a002dd364&type=frq-1-long) - [Production possibilities curve with technological advancement](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863aa3f157a20a002dd368&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and production possibilities](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863ad4f157a20a002dd36d&type=frq-1-long) - [Resource allocation between microchips and textiles production](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863b57f157a20a002dd378&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage and production possibilities curves](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863b86f157a20a002dd37d&type=frq-1-long) - [Resource allocation between consumer and capital goods](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863c07f157a20a002dd38b&type=frq-1-long) - [Comparative advantage in solar panels and electric scooters](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698a10bed3d2c71edb3ca003&type=frq-1-long) ### Unit 2: Supply and Demand (12) - [Price ceiling effects on corn market equilibrium](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6971501d0348173ef3023dce&type=frq-1-long) - [Market equilibrium for normal goods with income changes](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698637d3f157a20a002dd322&type=frq-1-long) - [Electric scooter market equilibrium and income effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863928f157a20a002dd343&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfect competition market equilibrium and substitute goods](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863978f157a20a002dd34b&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfectly competitive avocado market equilibrium and elasticity](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698639c0f157a20a002dd353&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfectly competitive quinoa market equilibrium and consumer surplus](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863a10f157a20a002dd35a&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfectly competitive market equilibrium and input cost effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863a4cf157a20a002dd361&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfectly competitive market equilibrium; substitute good price change](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863adef157a20a002dd36f&type=frq-1-long) - [Lithium battery market equilibrium and complementary good effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863b1ef157a20a002dd374&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfect competition quinoa market equilibrium](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863b69f157a20a002dd37b&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfect competition lithium market equilibrium shifts](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863bacf157a20a002dd382&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfect competition equilibrium in organic apple markets](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863cb3f157a20a002dd39b&type=frq-1-long) ### Unit 3: Production, Cost, and the Perfect Competition Model (16) - [Corn market equilibrium with input cost shock](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714ef20348173ef3023db2&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on corn producer profits](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714f790348173ef3023dbe&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm profit](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698637c5f157a20a002dd31f&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm equilibrium](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6986380df157a20a002dd327&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm profit](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863854f157a20a002dd32d&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfectly competitive market equilibrium and technological change](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698638d2f157a20a002dd33b&type=frq-1-long) - [Organic apple market demand shock and firm response](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863912f157a20a002dd341&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm profit](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863954f157a20a002dd347&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum and per-unit taxes on corn producers](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863992f157a20a002dd34e&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm output](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698639cff157a20a002dd354&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum taxes and per-unit subsidies on producers](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863a1cf157a20a002dd35b&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm profit](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863a54f157a20a002dd363&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm output](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863ad9f157a20a002dd36e&type=frq-1-long) - [Lump-sum tax effects on competitive firm behavior](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863b86f157a20a002dd37e&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfect competition, fixed costs, and long-run equilibrium](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863bf9f157a20a002dd389&type=frq-1-long) - [Profit-maximizing firm response to input cost increase](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863c47f157a20a002dd390&type=frq-1-long) ### Unit 4: Imperfect Competition (7) - [Allocative efficiency and optimal quantity determination.](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714eda0348173ef3023db1&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing, profits, and lump-sum tax effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863c57f157a20a002dd393&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing and revenue maximization strategies](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863d2cf157a20a002dd3a8&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly profit erosion from competitive entry](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863d86f157a20a002dd3b3&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly market power and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863ec3f157a20a002dd3d5&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly firm losing patent protection, market entry](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863f40f157a20a002dd3e2&type=frq-1-long) - [Patent monopoly pricing and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863f88f157a20a002dd3eb&type=frq-1-long) ### Unit 5: Factor Markets (13) - [Labor market dynamics for solar panel workers](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714fd20348173ef3023dc7&type=frq-1-long) - [Strawberry demand increase, labor market wage effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863c46f157a20a002dd38f&type=frq-1-long) - [Firm labor demand in competitive tomato market](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863c86f157a20a002dd396&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfectly competitive labor markets and firm hiring decisions](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863cb2f157a20a002dd39a&type=frq-1-long) - [Competitive labor market equilibrium after product demand increase](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863d89f157a20a002dd3b5&type=frq-1-long) - [Firm labor demand in perfectly competitive markets](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863dd6f157a20a002dd3bb&type=frq-1-long) - [Business licensing costs and labor market effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863e12f157a20a002dd3c2&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing, profit-maximizing output, lump-sum taxation effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863e87f157a20a002dd3ce&type=frq-1-long) - [Productivity gains and labor market equilibrium in competition](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863ea3f157a20a002dd3d1&type=frq-1-long) - [Labor supply shifts and firm hiring adjustments](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863f61f157a20a002dd3e6&type=frq-1-long) - [Strawberry labor market demand shifts](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863fa3f157a20a002dd3ef&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfectly competitive labor market and firm hiring](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863fe0f157a20a002dd3f8&type=frq-1-long) - [LED light market expansion and labor demand effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698640bcf157a20a002dd411&type=frq-1-long) ### Unit 6: Market Failure and the Role of Government (34) - [Government regulation of cable monopoly allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714efd0348173ef3023db4&type=frq-1-long) - [Regulated monopoly pricing and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714f240348173ef3023db8&type=frq-1-long) - [Supply and demand shifts from substitute production costs](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714fa10348173ef3023dc3&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopolistic firm pricing and marginal revenue relationships](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69714fc00348173ef3023dc5&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly regulation and allocative efficiency outcomes](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=697150060348173ef3023dcc&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing and demand elasticity at profit maximization](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6971503c0348173ef3023dd3&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopsony labor market for miners](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=697150690348173ef3023dd6&type=frq-1-long) - [Complementary goods and market equilibrium shifts](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863835f157a20a002dd32b&type=frq-1-long) - [Market equilibrium for quinoa in Andesia](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698638daf157a20a002dd33d&type=frq-1-long) - [Perfect competition market equilibrium for blueberries](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863aa2f157a20a002dd367&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing, profit maximization, and demand elasticity](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863c17f157a20a002dd38c&type=frq-1-long) - [Solar panel market equilibrium and substitute price effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863c6cf157a20a002dd394&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing, profit maximization, lump-sum taxation](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863ca4f157a20a002dd399&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly pricing and government price ceiling regulation](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863cc2f157a20a002dd39d&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly regulation and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863cf6f157a20a002dd3a2&type=frq-1-long) - [Negative externality in perfectly competitive cement market](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863d04f157a20a002dd3a4&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863d3ef157a20a002dd3ab&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863d86f157a20a002dd3b2&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and pricing mechanisms](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863dcbf157a20a002dd3b9&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing, lump-sum tax effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863e0df157a20a002dd3c1&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly electricity provider pricing and cost structures](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863e34f157a20a002dd3c4&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly regulation and subsidy effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863e4bf157a20a002dd3c6&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863ec3f157a20a002dd3d4&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly firm earning economic profit under taxation](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863efaf157a20a002dd3dc&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and socially optimal pricing](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863f5af157a20a002dd3e5&type=frq-1-long) - [Air pollution externalities in competitive cement markets](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863f9df157a20a002dd3ed&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and economic profit outcomes](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863fe8f157a20a002dd3fa&type=frq-1-long) - [Patent monopoly pricing and economic profit maximization](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69863ffff157a20a002dd3fb&type=frq-1-long) - [Monopoly pricing and output decisions](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69864023f157a20a002dd3fe&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and allocative efficiency](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69864097f157a20a002dd40c&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and price ceiling effects](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698640a9f157a20a002dd40f&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and deadweight loss elimination](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=698640d4f157a20a002dd414&type=frq-1-long) - [Natural monopoly regulation and pricing mechanisms](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=6986414ef157a20a002dd421&type=frq-1-long) - [Negative externalities in competitive markets](/ap-micro/frq-practice?id=69864188f157a20a002dd428&type=frq-1-long) ## Sample question **Production possibilities and opportunity cost analysis** Assume that Country Alpha and Country Beta produce only two goods: wheat and cloth. Both countries have constant opportunity costs of production and trade with each other. Given Information: - The table below shows the maximum amount of each good that can be produced in one day if all resources are fully employed. Data Table for Part A: Caption: Production Possibilities Data Headers: Country | Maximum Wheat Production | Maximum Cloth Production Alpha | 100 | 50 Beta | 40 | 40 Part A (4 points): Prompt: **Draw** a correctly labeled graph of the production possibilities curve for Country Alpha and show each of the following. Verb: draw i. The vertical axis labeled Wheat and the horizontal axis labeled Cloth (1 pt) Verb: label ii. A curve showing the numerical values of the maximum output of each good (1 pt) Verb: plot iii. A point representing an underutilization of resources, labeled U (1 pt) Verb: show iv. A point representing full employment of resources, labeled F (1 pt) Verb: show Part B (1 point): Prompt: Calculate the opportunity cost of producing one unit of cloth in Country Alpha. Show your work. Verb: calculate Part C (2 points): Context: Use the data in the table to answer the following. i. Which country has the comparative advantage in producing wheat? Explain. (1 pt) Verb: explain ii. Which country has the absolute advantage in producing cloth? Explain. (1 pt) Verb: explain Part D (2 points): Context: Assume that Country Alpha and Country Beta decide to trade. i. Identify a specific number of units of wheat that could be traded for one unit of cloth that would be mutually beneficial to both countries. (1 pt) Verb: identify ii. If Country Alpha specializes according to its comparative advantage, will it import wheat or cloth? Explain. (1 pt) Verb: explain Part E (1 point): Prompt: Assume that a new technology is developed that improves the efficiency of producing wheat in Country Alpha, but not cloth. On your graph in part A, draw the new production possibilities curve for Country Alpha. Verb: draw ## Questions **How many responses can I get scored?** You can read every question without a plan. Your first scored response is included. A plan unlocks unlimited scoring. **How do I draw graphs?** When a part asks for a graph, open the drawing tool and sketch it on a grid with axes. You can also switch the editor to handwrite, draw on paper, and add a photo of your page. **Is every long FRQ split the same way?** No. Most start with a 4-point graphing part, and the other points shift between parts from question to question. The table shows the most common split. **How is the long FRQ different from FRQs 2 and 3?** The long FRQ is worth 10 points and follows one market through several changes. FRQs 2 and 3 are worth 5 points each and focus on one model. **Can I use a calculator?** Yes. A four-function calculator is built into the writing screen, the same kind the exam allows. ## Related - [Long FRQ exam guide](/ap-micro/ap-microeconomics-exam/ap-micro-frq-long/study-guide/ap-micro-frq-long) - [AP Microeconomics Question 2 Short FRQ practice](/ap-micro/frqs/short-frq-2) - [AP Microeconomics Question 3 Short FRQ practice](/ap-micro/frqs/short-frq-3) - [AP Microeconomics FRQs](/ap-micro/frqs) - Any question by id: the `get_frq` tool on the [Fiveable MCP server](/mcp/docs) ## About This Document Canonical Fiveable pages are available as Markdown at the same path plus `.md`. - [llms.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms.txt): index of Fiveable's sections and URL patterns - [llms-full.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms-full.txt): complete subject and unit listing - [MCP server](https://fiveable.me/mcp): call Fiveable as tools instead of fetching pages (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp`) - [MCP server for AP teachers](https://fiveable.me/mcp/teachers): a teacher's classes, assignments and AP-rubric grading (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp/teacher`)