The one thing you need to know about this unit:
Religious plurality destroyed any hope of a united Europe.Discontent with existing religion ➝ creation of new religions ➝ discourse between old and new religions = violence and reform. |
Main Events in the Age of Reformation
1455: Johann Gutenberg invents the printing press
1492: Spain becomes religiously unified after the Reconquista
1517: Martin Luther posts the 95 Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church
1521: The Diet of Worms is held to decide Martin Luther’s fate
1521: Edict of Worms is issued
1525: German Peasants’ War
1534: King Henry VIII becomes head of the new Church of England
1545: Council of Trent and Counter/Catholic Reformation begins
1562: French Wars of Religion begin
1572: St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
1598: Edict of Nantes is issued
1618: Thirty Years War begins
1648: The Peace of Westphalia is issued to end the Thirty Years War
Major Trends: 1450-1648
Corruption → Dissent → Reform
Effects of the Protestant Reformation ☦️
Catholic Church lost a lot of power
Attempt to gain it back but it will never be the same
Allowed states to gain more power and control religion
Education spreads 📚
Printing press causes literacy rates to increase
Religious plurality
States see they have no choice but allow religious tolerance
Effects of the Counter/Catholic Reformation
More people convert to Catholicism
Can never make up for what they lost
Church actually reforms after numerous complaints ⛪
Council of Trent
Popes lead reform movements
Role of Women
Educational opportunities increase a little
Women become much more involved in religion and society
Considered moral and religious figures
Still made to rear children, get married, and take care of the household 👪
Religious upheaval → churches lose power → states take care of religious issues → states enforce morality → public humiliation & witchcraft
🎥 Watch: AP European History - Reformation
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🚀 Thematic Guides
🎨 Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration
⛪️ Unit 2: Age of Reformation
👑 Unit 3: Absolutism and Constitutionalism
🤔 Unit 4: Scientific, Philosophical, and Political Developments
🥖 Unit 5: Conflict, Crisis, and Reaction in the Late 18th Century
🚂 Unit 6: Industrialization and Its Effects
✊ Unit 7: 19th-Century Perspectives and Political Developments
💣 Unit 8: 20th-Century Global Conflicts
🥶 Unit 9: Cold War and Contemporary Europe
🧐 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
📋 Short Answer Questions (SAQ)
📝 Long Essay Questions (LEQ)
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