--- title: "AP Chemistry FRQ 7 Short Answer Practice" description: "119 Short Answer Question (FRQ 7)s written in the AP format, each scored part by part." canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-chem/frqs/frq-7" type: "frq-type-practice" subject: "AP Chemistry" --- # AP Chemistry FRQ 7 Short Answer Practice ## What the FRQ 7 Short Answer asks FRQ 7 is the last of four short-answer questions on the AP Chemistry exam, worth 4 points and focused on one topic. In this set, you circle a feature on a diagram, work two linked calculations, then explain a result. - **4 points**: across parts A to C - **105 min**: for all seven FRQs - **50%**: of your exam score comes from FRQs | Part | What it asks | Points | | --- | --- | --- | | A: Circle | Usually, mark a feature on a figure, like an atom or an electrode | 1 | | B: Two calculations | A calculation, then a second one that uses its answer | 2 | | C: Explain | A prediction or comparison, with the chemical reason | 1 | ## How FRQ 7 Short Answer practice works 1. **Read the full question.** The setup, the figure or data table, and every part, laid out the way the exam shows them. 2. **Write on a 9-minute timer.** A pace that fits all seven questions into the 105-minute section. Pause it or turn it off, and your response saves as you go. 3. **Submit for a score out of 4.** Your response is scored against the scoring guidelines written for that question. Your first score is included. ## All 119 questions ### Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties (12) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic structure analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985434ee84ac93142252ddc&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Isotopic abundance and periodic trends in atomic radius](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854426e84ac93142252de2&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Strontium isotopes, ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985456be84ac93142252ded&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Element Q isotopes, ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985478ee84ac93142252e00&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy and periodic ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854894e84ac93142252e0c&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854a77e84ac93142252e1c&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy, ionization energy, electron configuration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854bbbe84ac93142252e26&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Atomic mass calculation and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854d87e84ac93142252e38&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Magnesium isotopes and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854e8fe84ac93142252e40&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Boron isotopes, ionization energy, electron configuration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855021e84ac93142252e4e&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Element Z isotopes and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698551bfe84ac93142252e5c&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Isotope abundance and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855308e84ac93142252e67&type=frq-7-short-answer) ### Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures (21) - [Intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding in organic compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697525978bf79ce1a59344c7&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces in volatile organic compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854480e84ac93142252de5&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrogen bonding and intermolecular forces in organic compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985454ae84ac93142252deb&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Azide ion resonance structures and formal charge](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985462de84ac93142252df3&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces in ammonia and phosphine](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985475fe84ac93142252dfe&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Structural isomers, intermolecular forces, boiling points](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854841e84ac93142252e08&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces in methanol and methanethiol](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698549c7e84ac93142252e17&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Nitrite ion structure and resonance bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854a82e84ac93142252e1d&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Urea bonding, resonance, bond length](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854b7be84ac93142252e24&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Molecular solubility and hydrogen bonding interactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854c80e84ac93142252e2e&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Zwitterionic amino acids and intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854c9ce84ac93142252e30&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces in organic compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854e25e84ac93142252e3d&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic binding energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f31e84ac93142252e44&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces in hydrazine and ethene](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f89e84ac93142252e49&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Urea molecular geometry and bond character resonance](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f89e84ac93142252e4a&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Structural isomers, intermolecular forces, boiling points](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855101e84ac93142252e55&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Volatile liquid molar mass determination via vaporization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698552e1e84ac93142252e66&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Structural isomers, intermolecular forces, boiling points](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985536de84ac93142252e6a&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces in acetone and 2-propanol](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855444e84ac93142252e73&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Acetaldehyde and ethanol structure, intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698554e8e84ac93142252e79&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Carbonate ion bonding and resonance structures](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855861e84ac93142252e8a&type=frq-7-short-answer) ### Unit 4: Chemical Reactions (19) - [Atomic mass calculations and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697525528bf79ce1a59344c3&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Acid-base titration procedure and solution concentration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697527118bf79ce1a59344cc&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Precipitation reaction spectator ions and filtrate composition](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854564e84ac93142252dec&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Mass spectrum analysis and electron configuration identification](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854644e84ac93142252df4&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Acid-base titration standardization and stoichiometric calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985483de84ac93142252e07&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Redox reaction between zinc and copper(II) sulfate](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698549a4e84ac93142252e14&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Carbonate ion properties and redox reactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854b37e84ac93142252e20&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Sodium hydrogen carbonate properties and reactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854be4e84ac93142252e28&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Silver nitrate and sodium chromate precipitation reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854c9ee84ac93142252e31&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Precipitation reaction limiting reactant and ion solubility](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854ddae84ac93142252e3b&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Redox titration of oxalate with permanganate](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854e6de84ac93142252e3e&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Redox titration iron content analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f39e84ac93142252e45&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Gravimetric analysis of sodium chloride precipitation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854fdae84ac93142252e4b&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Acid-base reaction between ethanoic acid and bicarbonate](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855088e84ac93142252e51&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Gravimetric analysis of chloride ions in mixture](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855137e84ac93142252e57&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Silver nitrate, sodium chromate precipitation reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698551e3e84ac93142252e5d&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Precipitation reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chromate](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855296e84ac93142252e62&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Precipitation reaction stoichiometry and limiting reactants](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698553e7e84ac93142252e6e&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Redox reaction between copper and silver nitrate](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698554a3e84ac93142252e77&type=frq-7-short-answer) ### Unit 5: Kinetics (9) - [Hydrogen peroxide decomposition kinetics and mechanisms](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854927e84ac93142252e10&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Reaction mechanisms, rate-determining steps, intermediates](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854ac3e84ac93142252e1e&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Reaction mechanisms and kinetics of nitrogen monoxide](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854cdbe84ac93142252e33&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Nitryl chloride decomposition kinetics and mechanisms](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f63e84ac93142252e47&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Reaction mechanisms, transition states, catalyst identification](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855294e84ac93142252e61&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Nitrogen dioxide and fluorine reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985579fe84ac93142252e88&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Chlorine dioxide and hydroxide reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855969e84ac93142252e8e&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Nitrogen dioxide and fluorine gas reaction kinetics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698f6560db07842091112768&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Reaction mechanisms and potential energy diagrams](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698f65ffdb0784209111276a&type=frq-7-short-answer) ### Unit 6: Thermochemistry (20) - [Resonance structures and molecular geometry bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697525858bf79ce1a59344c5&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Molar enthalpy of combustion through calorimetry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698547bce84ac93142252e04&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Urea dissolution thermodynamics and molecular hybridization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985485ce84ac93142252e09&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine decomposition and bond enthalpy analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698548ebe84ac93142252e0d&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion thermodynamics and molecular geometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698549e0e84ac93142252e18&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Methanol synthesis thermodynamics and molecular geometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854a74e84ac93142252e1b&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Urea dissolution thermodynamics and molecular geometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854c55e84ac93142252e2c&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion reaction bond enthalpy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854da0e84ac93142252e39&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine properties, bonding, formal charge](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854dc0e84ac93142252e3a&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion and enthalpy changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854e9ce84ac93142252e41&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Urea dissolution thermodynamics and heat flow](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f43e84ac93142252e46&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion and phase transition energy effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985505de84ac93142252e50&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrogen peroxide decomposition thermodynamics](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985515ce84ac93142252e58&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Methanal and methanol synthesis, bond properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698551a9e84ac93142252e5b&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine structure and phase change enthalpy effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855207e84ac93142252e5f&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy and molecular geometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698552a5e84ac93142252e64&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Enthalpy change from magnesium oxide and acid reaction](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985534fe84ac93142252e69&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrogen peroxide decomposition and bond enthalpy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698553ede84ac93142252e6f&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine decomposition bond enthalpies](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855499e84ac93142252e76&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Combustion thermodynamics and bond enthalpy analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985553ce84ac93142252e7c&type=frq-7-short-answer) ### Unit 7: Equilibrium (5) - [Silver carbonate solubility and ionic equilibrium shifts](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975a73d62f876a7199496c8&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Weak base strength and molecular structure effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854d6ee84ac93142252e37&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Lead(II) iodide solubility equilibrium and constants](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855037e84ac93142252e4f&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Phosgene decomposition equilibrium and pressure effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698552cfe84ac93142252e65&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Silver chromate solubility and ionic compound dissolution](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855ceee84ac93142252e97&type=frq-7-short-answer) ### Unit 8: Acids and Bases (18) - [Acid strength and electronegativity in oxyacids](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975ae7b15a3eaeeb078f9d5&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Weak acid ionization and net ionic equations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985446ce84ac93142252de4&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine intermolecular forces and boiling points](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854791e84ac93142252e01&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hypochlorite ion equilibrium and reaction mechanisms](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854b45e84ac93142252e22&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydrazine weak base protonation and pH equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854c68e84ac93142252e2d&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hypochlorite ion basicity and dilution effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854c89e84ac93142252e2f&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Methylamine weak base proton acceptance intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855098e84ac93142252e52&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Methylamine proton acceptance and catalyst function](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985509ce84ac93142252e53&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydroxylamine base behavior and reaction mechanisms](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698553a3e84ac93142252e6d&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Weak base equilibrium and temperature effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855517e84ac93142252e7a&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hypochlorite ion basicity and ionization equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855519e84ac93142252e7b&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hydroxylamine weak base proton acceptance equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985584ae84ac93142252e89&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Hypochlorite ion acid-base chemistry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985589ae84ac93142252e8b&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Weak base hydrolysis of hypobromite ion](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855b30e84ac93142252e93&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Weak base proton acceptance and catalyst behavior](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855d71e84ac93142252e9c&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Formate ion proton acceptance and catalysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698f6540db07842091112766&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Formic acid ionization and catalyst behavior](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698f6551db07842091112767&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Dimethylamine basicity, proton acceptance, catalytic role](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698f65dbdb07842091112769&type=frq-7-short-answer) ### Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry (15) - [Electrochemical cell potential and dilution effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697526568bf79ce1a59344c9&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential with concentration changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854ccbe84ac93142252e32&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential with electrode dilution](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854d5de84ac93142252e36&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and concentration effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f05e84ac93142252e43&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and electrode mass changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69854f88e84ac93142252e48&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential with varying ion concentrations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698550d2e84ac93142252e54&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential under nonstandard conditions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985516fe84ac93142252e59&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell thermodynamics and electrode properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985520ee84ac93142252e60&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell thermodynamics and electrode potentials](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985529de84ac93142252e63&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell thermodynamics and electrode potentials](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855395e84ac93142252e6c&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and concentration effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985542ae84ac93142252e72&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential with concentration changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985553de84ac93142252e7d&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential under non-standard conditions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69855658e84ac93142252e81&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and ion concentration effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698556dfe84ac93142252e83&type=frq-7-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell potential and electrode identification](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985589ae84ac93142252e8c&type=frq-7-short-answer) ## Sample question **Photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic structure analysis** A scientist is analyzing a pure sample of Element Z to determine its atomic structure and properties. The scientist obtains the photoelectron spectrum (PES) shown in Figure 1 and the isotopic data shown in Table 1. Data Tables: Caption: Table 1. Isotopic data for Element Z Headers: Isotope | Isotopic Mass (amu) | Relative Abundance (%) Z-24 | 23.99 | 79.00 Z-25 | 24.99 | 10.00 Z-26 | 25.98 | 11.00 Figure 1: Type: diagram Caption: Figure 1. Photoelectron spectrum (PES) of Element Z URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/2010a5e1-c4a2-4bf9-b175-d0ebf45e6234_fig1.jpg Placement: before-part Part Letter: A Part A (1 point): Prompt: On the PES diagram in Figure 1, circle the peak corresponding to the valence electrons of Element Z. Verb: circle Part B (2 points): i. Calculate the average atomic mass of Element Z using the data in Table 1. (1 pt) Verb: calculate ii. Using your answer to part B(i), calculate the number of atoms in a 3.50 g sample of Element Z. (1 pt) Verb: calculate Part C (1 point): Prompt: Explain why the first ionization energy of Element Z is greater than the first ionization energy of Sodium (Na), which is the element directly to the left of Element Z in the periodic table. Context: Element Z is located in the third period of the periodic table. Verb: explain Image URLs (1): - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/2010a5e1-c4a2-4bf9-b175-d0ebf45e6234_fig1.jpg ## Questions **How many responses can I get scored?** You can read every question without a plan. Your first scored response is included. A plan unlocks unlimited scoring. **What if I can’t finish the first calculation in part B?** Use a reasonable value, say where it came from, and work the second calculation. Each of the two steps has its own point. **How do I type formulas, charges, and drawings?** Use the subscript and superscript buttons for formulas and ion charges. For a drawing, like a Lewis diagram or a mark on a figure, use the drawing tool, or switch the editor to handwrite, draw on paper, and add a photo of your page. **How are short-answer questions different from FRQs 1 to 3?** Short answers are 4 points and stay on one topic, usually with one point per scored step. FRQs 1 to 3 are 10-point problems with about six parts. **Can I use a calculator and the equations sheet?** Yes. The practice screen has a calculator and the AP Chemistry equations sheet with the periodic table, which you also get on exam day. ## Related - [FRQ 7 Short Answer exam guide](/ap-chem/ap-chemistry-exam/ap-chem-frq-short/study-guide/ap-chem-frq-short) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 1 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-1) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 2 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-2) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 3 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-3) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 4 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-4) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 5 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-5) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 6 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-6) - [AP Chemistry FRQs](/ap-chem/frqs) - Any question by id: the `get_frq` tool on the [Fiveable MCP server](/mcp/docs) ## About This Document Canonical Fiveable pages are available as Markdown at the same path plus `.md`. - [llms.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms.txt): index of Fiveable's sections and URL patterns - [llms-full.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms-full.txt): complete subject and unit listing - [MCP server](https://fiveable.me/mcp): call Fiveable as tools instead of fetching pages (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp`) - [MCP server for AP teachers](https://fiveable.me/mcp/teachers): a teacher's classes, assignments and AP-rubric grading (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp/teacher`)