--- title: "AP Chemistry FRQ 6 Short Answer Practice" description: "115 Short Answer Question (FRQ 6)s written in the AP format, each scored part by part." canonical: "https://fiveable.me/ap-chem/frqs/frq-6" type: "frq-type-practice" subject: "AP Chemistry" --- # AP Chemistry FRQ 6 Short Answer Practice ## What the FRQ 6 Short Answer asks FRQ 6 is the third of four short-answer questions on the AP Chemistry exam, worth 4 points and focused on one topic. In this set, you write an equation or identify a result, then work calculations and justify a prediction. - **4 points**: across parts A to D - **105 min**: for all seven FRQs - **50%**: of your exam score comes from FRQs | Part | What it asks | Points | | --- | --- | --- | | A: Write or identify | A balanced equation, a reaction order, or a value from the data | 1 | | B: Calculate | A calculation from the data, with units | 1 | | C: Justify | A prediction or claim, backed by a reason or a calculation | 1 | | D: Calculate | A final calculation, often using an earlier result | 1 | ## How FRQ 6 Short Answer practice works 1. **Read the full question.** The setup, the figure or data table, and every part, laid out the way the exam shows them. 2. **Write on a 9-minute timer.** A pace that fits all seven questions into the 105-minute section. Pause it or turn it off, and your response saves as you go. 3. **Submit for a score out of 4.** Your response is scored against the scoring guidelines written for that question. Your first score is included. ## All 115 questions ### Unit 1: Atomic Structure and Properties (9) - [Element identification and atomic mass calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975222d8bf79ce1a59344af&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Isotope analysis and atomic properties of Element M](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850c57e84ac93142252bed&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy, element identification, ionization energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850ef9e84ac93142252bf9&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy, electron configuration, binding energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985108ae84ac93142252c04&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Element A properties, isotopic composition, electron configuration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851153e84ac93142252c08&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Isotopic composition and elemental identification of unknown metal](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851340e84ac93142252c13&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Mass spectrum, atomic mass, electron configuration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851466e84ac93142252c17&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Copper isotopes, electron configuration, copper sulfide compound](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698516cee84ac93142252c24&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Mass spectrum analysis and atomic mass calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985198ee84ac93142252c32&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 2: Compound Structure and Properties (6) - [Lewis structures and formal charges in molecules](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698519ece84ac93142252c33&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Methanoic acid structure and bonding properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851eaae84ac93142252c49&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure, bonding, and polarity properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851f52e84ac93142252c4e&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Nitrogen-oxygen ion structures and bonding properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852024e84ac93142252c52&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Cyanate ion structure, bonding, formal charges](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852517e84ac93142252c7f&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Xenon dioxide difluoride molecular structure and bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698525bce84ac93142252c87&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 3: Properties of Substances and Mixtures (12) - [Mass spectrometry, atomic mass, electron configuration](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698512c5e84ac93142252c0f&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure, intermolecular forces, gas pressure comparison](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851b43e84ac93142252c3a&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure, hybridization, intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851c18e84ac93142252c3e&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure and bonding in carbonyl sulfide](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698520e6e84ac93142252c5a&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Organic compound structure and gas pressure properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985219de84ac93142252c5e&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Carbonyl fluoride molecular structure and bonding](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698523bde84ac93142252c6f&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Methanal and Ethanal molecular properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698523c1e84ac93142252c70&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure, polarity, intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852467e84ac93142252c77&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular geometry and intermolecular forces in sulfur compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852669e84ac93142252c8d&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure, polarity, intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852785e84ac93142252c97&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces and molecular geometry in sulfur compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852961e84ac93142252cac&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Isomer properties, intermolecular forces, vaporization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852b26e84ac93142252cbd&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 4: Chemical Reactions (7) - [Magnesium isotopes and ionization energy trends](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69850f83e84ac93142252bfe&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Isotope abundance, ionization energy, chloride formation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851002e84ac93142252c01&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Magnesium isotopes and atomic mass calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698514f0e84ac93142252c1b&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Photoelectron spectroscopy and electron binding energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851647e84ac93142252c20&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Carbonyl sulfide Lewis structure and hybridization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985195fe84ac93142252c31&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Metal reactivity with hydrochloric acid, hydrogen gas production](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985262ae84ac93142252c8a&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Silver chromate precipitation and limiting reactants](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852773e84ac93142252c95&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 5: Kinetics (6) - [Reaction order determination and rate law analysis](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6975a1c2388b037a766dd172&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Reaction kinetics, rate law determination, activation energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698520b3e84ac93142252c58&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Nitrogen dioxide decomposition kinetics and rate law determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852479e84ac93142252c79&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Reaction kinetics, rate laws, reaction mechanisms](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698526b7e84ac93142252c92&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Reaction kinetics, rate law, rate-determining step](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852ad7e84ac93142252cba&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Reaction kinetics, rate laws, and reaction mechanisms](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852bdae84ac93142252cc3&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 6: Thermochemistry (27) - [Vapor pressure and gas behavior of volatile compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697433df891b90cb70be2107&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Nitrogen trifluoride molecular structure and bonding geometry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697522558bf79ce1a59344b1&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Calcium chloride dissolution enthalpy and temperature predictions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697523268bf79ce1a59344b4&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Hydrogen peroxide decomposition and bond energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851b27e84ac93142252c39&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Phosgene synthesis, Lewis structure, hybridization, bond angles](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851c52e84ac93142252c3f&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Orbital hybridization and intermolecular forces in organic compounds](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851d01e84ac93142252c40&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure and intermolecular forces of alcohols](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851d9ae84ac93142252c45&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Carbon tetrahalide molecular structure and properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851e12e84ac93142252c46&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Isomer properties and intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851efee84ac93142252c4c&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Organic compound properties and molecular structure](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852002e84ac93142252c51&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion enthalpy and bond energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698520d0e84ac93142252c59&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Hydrazine structure, bonding, and nitrogen hybridization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985225be84ac93142252c63&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular properties and intermolecular forces in halogenated hydrocarbons](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698522d0e84ac93142252c68&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molar enthalpy of combustion of 1-propanol](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985231fe84ac93142252c6a&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Ammonium nitrate dissolution enthalpy measurement](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852456e84ac93142252c75&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure, hybridization, intermolecular forces](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985245fe84ac93142252c76&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Nitrogen hydride structures and bonding properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852650e84ac93142252c8b&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Magnesium oxidation enthalpy determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852655e84ac93142252c8c&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Methanol combustion enthalpy determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698527afe84ac93142252c9a&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Intermolecular forces and organic compound properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852858e84ac93142252ca2&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Heat of solution for ionic salts in calorimetry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698529d2e84ac93142252cb0&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Dissolution thermodynamics in calorimetry](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852b65e84ac93142252cc2&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molecular structure, hybridization, vaporization properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852dc4e84ac93142252cd7&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion thermodynamics and bond enthalpies](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852e1de84ac93142252cdc&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Ethene hydrogenation reaction enthalpy change](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69853029e84ac93142252cee&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Molar enthalpy of combustion of 1-propanol](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698530b7e84ac93142252cf3&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Hydrazine combustion and nitrogen-nitrogen bond energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69853172e84ac93142252cfe&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 7: Equilibrium (9) - [Ammonia decomposition equilibrium constant and partial pressures](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697522ec8bf79ce1a59344b3&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Silver salt solubility and equilibrium constants](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852706e84ac93142252c93&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Silver chromate solubility equilibrium and constant](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985280de84ac93142252c9e&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Lead(II) iodide solubility equilibrium calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852b2fe84ac93142252cbf&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Lead(II) iodide solubility and equilibrium shifts](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852c0ee84ac93142252cc7&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Silver chromate solubility and precipitation equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852cc8e84ac93142252ccd&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Phosgene decomposition equilibrium and pressure effects](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698530c0e84ac93142252cf5&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Phosgene decomposition equilibrium pressures](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69853146e84ac93142252cfd&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Magnesium hydroxide solubility equilibrium and common ion effect](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69853529e84ac93142252d27&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 8: Acids and Bases (10) - [Weak acid ionization and percent ionization](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852381e84ac93142252c6e&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Buffer solution equilibrium and pH calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985251ee84ac93142252c80&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Weak acid dissociation and relative acid strength](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852819e84ac93142252c9f&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Weak acid ionization and buffer formation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852aa7e84ac93142252cb7&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Weak acid properties and hypochlorous acid dissociation](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852b2ee84ac93142252cbe&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Buffer solution equilibrium and pH calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852c6ae84ac93142252cc9&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Acid strength comparison and weak acid equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852fb2e84ac93142252ce9&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Weak acid ionization and titration equilibrium](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985313de84ac93142252cfc&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Weak acid titration curve analysis and Ka determination](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985325de84ac93142252d06&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Weak acid ionization and conjugate base properties](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985347ee84ac93142252d1e&type=frq-6-short-answer) ### Unit 9: Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry (29) - [Electrochemical reactions in galvanic cells](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697522d78bf79ce1a59344b2&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode reactions and mass changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=697523c88bf79ce1a59344b7&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with nickel and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69851fc2e84ac93142252c4f&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with magnesium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985203ce84ac93142252c54&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell redox reactions and electrode mass changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985222de84ac93142252c62&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with chromium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698522b6e84ac93142252c66&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell oxidation and reduction reactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852361e84ac93142252c6d&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell redox reactions and electrode mass changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698523dae84ac93142252c72&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Redox reactions in galvanic cells](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852402e84ac93142252c73&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with chromium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985247de84ac93142252c7a&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with magnesium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698524fce84ac93142252c7d&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode reactions and mass change](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852506e84ac93142252c7e&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode reactions and mass change](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985258de84ac93142252c85&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode reactions and mass changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=6985258fe84ac93142252c86&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell reactions and standard free energy](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852619e84ac93142252c89&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with chromium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698526a0e84ac93142252c90&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell reactions and electrochemistry calculations](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852734e84ac93142252c94&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell redox reaction: chromium and silver](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698527b6e84ac93142252c9c&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode reactions and mass changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852836e84ac93142252ca0&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell mass changes and electrode reactions](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852935e84ac93142252caa&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with chromium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=698529b9e84ac93142252caf&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with chromium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852a38e84ac93142252cb4&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell redox reaction: chromium and silver](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852ab7e84ac93142252cb9&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode reactions and mass change](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852affe84ac93142252cbb&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode oxidation and mass change](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852b35e84ac93142252cc0&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrode reactions and mass changes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852bede84ac93142252cc5&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell with magnesium and silver electrodes](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852c65e84ac93142252cc8&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell electrochemistry with aluminum and manganese](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852c80e84ac93142252ccb&type=frq-6-short-answer) - [Galvanic cell redox reactions: chromium and lead](/ap-chem/frq-practice?id=69852d0ce84ac93142252ccf&type=frq-6-short-answer) ## Sample question **Element identification and atomic mass calculations** A scientist is investigating the properties of a pure sample of Element X. The scientist obtains the photoelectron spectrum of Element X shown in Figure 1. Figures: Type: diagram Caption: Figure 1. Photoelectron spectrum of Element X URL: https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/bcd32822-8824-4ab8-90e1-93d87bf09e42_fig1.jpg Placement: after-background Part A (1 point): Prompt: Identify Element X and write the complete ground-state electron configuration for an atom of Element X. Verb: write Data Table for Part B: Caption: Table 1. Isotopic Composition of Element X Headers: Isotope | Isotopic Mass (amu) | Percent Abundance (%) X-24 | 23.985 | 78.99 X-25 | 24.986 | 10.00 X-26 | 25.983 | 11.01 Part B (1 point): Prompt: Calculate the average atomic mass of Element X. Context: The scientist determines the isotopic composition of Element X, which is summarized in Table 1. Verb: calculate Part C (1 point): Prompt: Which sample contains a greater number of atoms: a 10.0 g sample of Element X or a 10.0 g sample of Ca? Justify your answer with a calculation. Context: The scientist also has a pure sample of Calcium (Ca). Verb: justify Part D (1 point): Prompt: A student claims that the first ionization energy of Element X should be lower than that of Aluminum because Aluminum has a higher nuclear charge. Do you agree or disagree with the student's claim? Justify your answer using principles of atomic structure. Context: The scientist compares the first ionization energy of Element X to that of Aluminum (Al). Verb: justify Image URLs (1): - https://kcbwzropdukwhmmvdylp.supabase.co/storage/v1/object/public/frq_stimulus/ap-chem/bcd32822-8824-4ab8-90e1-93d87bf09e42_fig1.jpg ## Questions **How many responses can I get scored?** You can read every question without a plan. Your first scored response is included. A plan unlocks unlimited scoring. **How do I type formulas, charges, and drawings?** Use the subscript and superscript buttons for formulas and ion charges. For a drawing, like a Lewis diagram or a mark on a figure, use the drawing tool, or switch the editor to handwrite, draw on paper, and add a photo of your page. **How much should I write for each part?** Match the task verb. Identify can take a word or phrase. Explain and justify need the chemical reason, stated in a sentence or two. **How are short-answer questions different from FRQs 1 to 3?** Short answers are 4 points and stay on one topic, usually with one point per scored step. FRQs 1 to 3 are 10-point problems with about six parts. **Can I use a calculator and the equations sheet?** Yes. The practice screen has a calculator and the AP Chemistry equations sheet with the periodic table, which you also get on exam day. ## Related - [FRQ 6 Short Answer exam guide](/ap-chem/ap-chemistry-exam/ap-chem-frq-short/study-guide/ap-chem-frq-short) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 1 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-1) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 2 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-2) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 3 Long Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-3) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 4 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-4) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 5 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-5) - [AP Chemistry FRQ 7 Short Answer practice](/ap-chem/frqs/frq-7) - [AP Chemistry FRQs](/ap-chem/frqs) - Any question by id: the `get_frq` tool on the [Fiveable MCP server](/mcp/docs) ## About This Document Canonical Fiveable pages are available as Markdown at the same path plus `.md`. - [llms.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms.txt): index of Fiveable's sections and URL patterns - [llms-full.txt](https://fiveable.me/llms-full.txt): complete subject and unit listing - [MCP server](https://fiveable.me/mcp): call Fiveable as tools instead of fetching pages (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp`) - [MCP server for AP teachers](https://fiveable.me/mcp/teachers): a teacher's classes, assignments and AP-rubric grading (`https://fiveable.me/api/mcp/teacher`)